« МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ВОЛГОГРАДСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ...»
4. Now add some details to the sceleton. They can be from the text - some interesting facts that illustrate the theory or what not. Think of some opinions of your own: what do you think of this or that idea of the author? Does this matter seem interesting to you? Does it go with your own research? Do you agree with the hypotheses presented? Let your statements be noticeable, expressive and persuading, and logical.
Use:
Let’s see how the author proves (that).....
I would like to point out that...
I would like to attract your attention to the following...
To my opinion this supposition/idea/ is...
We should bear in mind that...
I would rather prefer to consider.... /take it like this:....
As for me I don’t think that...
I’m afraid but...
I do not quite agree that...
I cannot but praise...(the work of this author.. etc.)
- Now you seem ready. Start to speak and...good luck!
Here is a good example of the annotation of a book:
By the analysis of different theories, following a similar outline for each of them, this book permits a critical reflection on these questions. It also aims at making the current research in which these theories are present more accessible for the reader. Moreover, this research, by considering issues on (the dynamics of the processing of information, its contextualisation, and the fundamental cognitive abilities of the speaker,) is also in line with broader issues concerning, for instance, different domains of (computer science or also cognitive) sciences. The different theories dealt with are (First Order Predicate Logic, Intensional Semantics, Boolean Semantics, General Semantics (Vanderveken), Dynamic Semantics, Situation Theory and Cognitive Grammar).
APPENDIX 2
WORKING ON THE TOPIC: MY SCIENTIFIC (RESEARCH) WORK
USEFUL TIPS
Plan your topic as follows:
- The field which you major in and the title of your future thesis
- I work in the field of....
My major interest is in the field of....
My scientific research deals with the problems of... which is in the field of....
- The title of my future thesis is....
I work under the guidance of professor...
My tutor is....
The research I am doing now is a part of a bigger work../ within the framework of the academic research conducted by professor.../a group of scientists...
This work is devoted to an important problem into which too few scientists have researched until now.
Earlier studies of this subject show that the problem has not been yet properly explored. - Words and word combinations
- analysis n (pl -ses) анализ, исследование, подробное рассмотрение critical analysis — критический анализ
advanced research — перспективные исследования
basic research — фундаментальные исследования
to be engaged in research — заниматься научно-исследовательской работой
This researches cover a wide field —исследования охватывают широкую область
after the study of the matter — после изучения этого вопроса …
humane studies — гуманитарные науки
history and allied studies — история и родственные ей предметы
a new study of Shakespeare — новая работа /книга/ о Шекспире
pilot study — предварительное, экспериментальное исследование
desk study — чисто теоретическое исследование
thorough examination — а) всестороннее исследование; б) тщательное изучение (материала)
to carry on an investigation — проводить исследовательскую работу
the scientific method of inquiry — научный метод исследования - The main aims of your research work and the tasks to complete:
- My study deals in the problems of.../is devoted to the investigation of...
It touches upon the problems of... - The main purpose/goal/aim of it is...to find out/to define/to characterize/explore/to investigate/to analyse/to gain/.....
It is aimed at..... - I set myself a task to/of...
the tasks that face us /that we are faced with/are as follows....
Its objectives are the following: - Data for the study and methods to be applied, results and application:
- we must apply.... to finding a solution — мы должны применить...., чтобы решить эту задачу
comparative [experimental] method of investigation — сравнительный [экспериментальный] метод исследования
his method is to compare different versions — его метод состоит в сопоставлении разных вариантов
there are several methods of doing this — существует несколько способов сделать это
ampliative inference — индуктивный метод
a method that is attended by some risk — метод, связанный с некоторым риском
convenient method — подходящий метод
to approximate to a solution of the problem — подходить к решению задачи
To use... approach(to) - подход
interdisciplinary approach — подход с точки зрения различных наук - We began the work by collecting material —Мы начали работу со сбора материала
we have two problems before us — перед нами две задачи
data for study — материал исследования
laboratory data — данные лабораторных исследований
adequacy of data — достоверность данных - acceptance of a theory — согласие с какой-л. теорией
application of a theory in actual practice — применение теории в практической деятельности
the backbone of a theory — основа теории
to back up a theory with facts — подкрепить теорию фактами
to construct a theory — создать теорию (see construct II)
the results of the experiment contradicted this theory./agreed with the theory — результаты опыта шли вразрез с этой теорией/согласовывались с теорией
APPENDIX 3
Таблица неправильных глаголов
| beat beat beat become became become begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come draw drawn drawn drink drank drunk eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feel felt felt find found found forget forgot forgotten get got got go went gone hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept know knew known lay laid laid leave left left let let let lie lay lain lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid | put put put read/ri:d/ read/red/ read/red/ ring rang rung run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent set set set show showed shown sing sang sung sit sat sat sleep slept slept speak spoke spoken spend spent spent stand stood stood strike struck struck swim swam swum take took taken teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown understand understood understood wake woke woken wear wore worn write wrote written |
Список использованной литературы
1. Власова, Е.Л. Пособие для научных работников по развитию навыков устной речи / Е.Л. Власова. Ленинград, 1988.
2. Zimakova E.L. English for Librarians Internet-users/ Е.Л. Зимакова. Самара: СГАУ, 1998.
3. Year, J., Year, R. Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL Test / UK: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
4. Haines, S., Stewart B. First Certificate Masterclass / UK: Oxford University Press, 1998.
5. Evans, V., Dooley, J. Enterprise 4 / London: Express Publishing, 2002.
KEYS
Unit I
Module B
| 1. cooking 2. hotel 3. guests 4. fast 5. high | |
| 6. cancer 7. time 8. decreased 9. liver 10. stressful | |
Listening
(p. 12)
Reading (pp. 12-14)
1. D 2. G 3. F 4. A 5. E
Vocabulary Practice (pp. 14-16)
2.
| 1. nutrients 2. let alone 3. limit 4. signify 5. research 6. tend to | 7. adolescence 8. glowing skin 9. rejecting 10. gain 11. predicting 12. consume |
3.
| 1. fast-moving 2. chocolate 3. couch potato 4. to keep 5. high 6. junk 7. eating 8. heart | 9. the pressures 10. saturated 11. room 12. to do 13. balanced 14. gourmet 15. vast 16. side |
4. 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A
5.
| 1. with 2. in 3. with 4. of 5. from | 6. with 7. in 8. of 9. on 10. to |
Unit II
Module B
| 1. D 2. B 3. D | |
| 4. B 5. B 6. A | |
Reading (pp. 20-22)
Vocabulary Practice (pp. 22-23)
2.
| 1. socialize 2. novice 3. face 4. masculine 5. get my foot in the door | 6. support 7. professional 8. confidence 9. courage 10. mature |
3.
| 1. tough 2. to give 3. to win 4. to damage 5. limit 6. popular | 7. casually 8. to take 9. on equal terms 10. to wear 11. to prove 12. a champion’s |
4.
| 1. career 2. job | 3. occupation 4. profession |
5.
| 1. about 2. with 3. on/ about 4. about 5. about/ by 6. of/ about 7. with | 8. in 9. at 10. to/ on 11. with/ by 12. in 13. to 14. with |
Unit III
Module B
| 6. teams 7. helper 8. problems 9. amazing 10. fun | |
| 1. empty 2. libraries 3. Internet 4. skills 5. responsibility | |
Listening
(p. 32-33)
Reading (pp. 32-34)
1. F 2. E 3. A 4. H 5. G 6. B
Vocabulary Practice (pp. 35-36)
2.
| 1. skills 2. issues 3. approach 4. concentrate on 5. motivation | 6. tolerance 7. abandon 8. participate 9. merely 10. concept |
3.
| 1. cooperative 2. to feed 3. operating 4. life 5. education 6. to go on | 7. to share 8. to work 9. changing 10. to solve 11. mathematics 12. to tear |
4.
| 1. department 2. alike 3. coached | 4. paused 5. technique |
5.
| 1. to 2. on 3. with 4. for 5. with 6. to 7. in | 8. with 9. to 10. in 11. in 12. on 13. for |
Unit IV
Module B
| Jurassic Park Volcanoland Miniland Energizer Mickey Mania, Parade | |
| Universal Studios, America Sentosa, Singapore Legoland, Denmark Alton Towers, the Midlands Magic Kingdom, Florida | |
Listening
(p. 40)
Reading (pp. 41-42)
1. E 3. B 5. B 7. D 9. D
2. A 4. C 6. E 8. E 10. B
Vocabulary Practice (pp. 42-44)
2.
| 1. destination 2. enthralled 3. convinced 4. plunge 5. accessible 6. ranging | 7. fizzy 8. depicted 9. admission 10. petrifying 11. sedate 12. policy |
3.
| 1. individually 2. boat 3. tropical 4. cable 5. miniature | 6. to scream 7. to pay 8. to pose 9. snack 10. value |
4.
- autograph
- fireworks
- cable-car
- stage
5.
- by
- into
- for
- of
- on
- for
- on
- through
Unit V
Module B
Listening
(pp. 51) 1. c 2. a 3. e 4. b 5. f 6. d
Reading (pp. 51-53)
| 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A | |
| 5. B 6. D 7. A | |
Vocabulary Practice (pp. 53-54)
2.
| 1. transform 2. explore 3. metropolis 4. claims to be 5. sophisticated 6. head for | 7. exclusive 8. gear 9. revealed 10. experience 11. restore 12. lively |
3.
| 1. to give 2. to bring 3. grand 4. department 5. meeting 6. a pint 7. gurgling 8. visual | 9. highly 10. historic 11. heavy 12. reasonably 13. full 14. sophisticated 15. pavement 16. cosmopolitan |
4.
| 1. stopped 2. trip 3. historical | 4. brochure 5. shore 6. excursion |
5.
| 1. into/ by 2. on 3. away from 4. about 5. for 6. for 7. of | 8. of 9. about 10. about/ of 11. by; in/ on 12. by; in 13. on 14. for |
Unit VI
Module B
| |
Listening
(p. 60)
Reading (pp. 60-62)
| 1. B 2, 3. C, E (in any order) 4. D 5. B 6, 7, 8. A, C, E ( in any order) 9. D | |
| 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. E 14, 15. A, C (in any order) | |
Vocabulary Practice (pp. 62-64)
2.
| 1. carve 2. souls 3. afford 4. supported 5. regional 6. dyes | 7. contest 8. sculpture 9. permanent 10. available 11. occupied |
3.
| 1. to mark 2. street 3. beautifully clothed 4. by far 5. to honour 6. entrance | 7. to commit 8. evil 9. boat 10. deafening 11. to make 12. to greet |
4.
| 1. costumes 2. procession 3. gathered | 4. remember 5. entrance |
5.
| 1. to 2. at 3. of 4. for 5. of 6. with | 7. in 8. at 9. in 10. at 11. on 12. with |
Unit VII
Module B
| |
| |
Listening
(pp. 71)
Reading (pp. 71-73)
1. B 2. G 3. C 4. A 5. D
Vocabulary Practice (pp. 73-74)
2.
| 1. intense 2. rocked 3. restricted 4. howling 5. estimated | 6. strengthened 7. survivors of 8. cling 9. impact 10. recalled |
3.
| 1. massive 2. to take 3. to make 4. crust 5. shelter 6. wake-up | 7. steel 8. plane 9. to blow 10. front 11. to stay 12. seismic |
4.
| 1. think 2. thrilled | 3. tiny 4. cause |
5.
| 1. to 2. to 3. in 4. with | 5. onto/ to 6. of 7. of |
Unit VIII
Module B
Reading (pp. 78-80)
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. B
Unit IX
Module B
Listening
(p. 85)
Reading (pp. 86-87)
1. A 2. F 3. H 4. D 5. G 6. E
Vocabulary Practice (pp. 87-89)
2.
| 1. opportunity 2. experienced 3. incredibly 4. enormous 5. unspoilt 6. brave | 7. mind 8. location 9. courage 10. steady 11. generation 12. disappointment |
3.
| 1. deep 2. powerful 3. to do 4. to miss 5. weather 6. to be | 7. to catch 8. unspoilt 9. to learn 10. to have 11. to love 12. strong |
4.
| 1. amateur 2. fit 3. tracksuit | 4. won 5. tournament |
5.
| 1. about 2. of 3. of 4. from 5. after | 6. in 7. from 8. at 9. without 10. in |
Unit X
Module B
Reading (pp. 93-95)
1. C 2. E 3. A 4. H 5. G 6. D 7. B
Unit XI
Module B
Reading (pp. 99-102)
Think ahead 1.
check students understand the meaning of the extract by asking these questions: Where has Nigel Hughes been? (Copenhagen) Where was he going? (Heathrow) Why did he end up in Brazil? (He fell asleep and didn’t get off the plane at Heathrow. The plane then went on to Brazil). How did he get home eventually? (on the next flight back to England)
Gapped text
3.
1. F 2. H 3. E 4. A 5. G 6. D 7. B
Extra sentence: C
4. Key
a. When he woke up and saw that there were different people on the plane
b. She had probably got off
c. He had escaped from the airport
5. p. 101
a. 3 c. 1 e. 7 g. 4
b. 5 d. 6 f. 2
Unit XII
Module B
Reading (pp. 107-110)
Think ahead
1 Key
a. 3 b. 3 c. 2
Multiple – choice
3. You may like to check students understand the following words in the text: molten (burning), earth’s care (central part of the earth), growth (increase), potential (what’s possible), imprecise (inexact), evacuating (leaving a place to escape danger), hazard zones (dangerous places), monitoring (observing, checking), detect (find), evaluating (understanding, accessing), plumes (clouds, columns), loss of credibility (when smth. is no longer believed), proximity (surrounding area)
Key
- D 4. A 6. B
- C 5. C 7. A
- C
Word – building (p.110)
4 Key
compete – competition
erupt – eruption
evacuate – evacuation
fascinate – fascination
populate – population
migrate – migration
They are all formed with the suffix–tion
5 Key
act – active
danger – dangerous
destroy – destruction
science – scientific
system – systematic
volcano - volcanic
6 Key
a. scientific e. fascination
b. dangerous f. population
c. migration g. active
d. systematic h. competition
Over to you (p.111)
Possible answers
People often choose to live near volcanoes because the agricultural land is very fertile. It would be difficult to evacuate a large city because people might panic, the transport network could get congested, and emergency accomodation would be required. The best solution would be to practise and make full use of emergency services.
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ АСПИРАНТОВ
Учебно-методическое пособие
Составители:
Ашихманова Наталья Александровна,
Брылева Вилена Александровна
Главный редактор А.В. Шестакова
Оформление обложки Н.Н. Захаровой
Печатается в авторской редакции с готового оригинал-макета.
Подписано в печать 18.06 2007 г. Формат 6084/16.
Бумага офсетная. Гарнитура Таймс. Усл. печ. л. 7,4.
Уч.-изд. л. 8,0. Тираж 100 экз. Заказ.
Издательство Волгоградского государственного университета.
400062, г. Волгоград, просп. Университетский, 100.
