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� �� ...�

-- [ �� 4 ] --

A. did you do

25. B. do you do much work yesterday?
� did you

A. on

26. Who is she looking B. at ?

�. To

A. of

27. This is a nice piece B. off cheese.

C. �

Note :"-" means" nothing", "no word or words".

A. in

28. Our holidays are B. at August.

C on

A. at

29. They're listening B. to the news

C �

A. on

30. We came here B. at 1985.

� in

A. by

31. What's the matter B. with him?

� from

A. was fond

32.1 didn't know you B. are fond of music.

C. were fond

A.boiled

33. The children learnt at the lesson that water B. boils at 100 �.

�. to boil

A. going

34. We saw him B. go along the road.

C. to go

A. didn't know

35. The student wasn't able to do the translation because he B. not know some special terms.

C. doesn't know

A. my

36. This book is B. me

C. mine

A. you

37. She would like to meet B. your

C. to you

A. to them

38. Give the money B. them !

C. theirs

A. to discuss

39. The book B. discussed at the lesson yesterday deals with the problems of war.

� discussing

A. our

40. We're going to B. us favorite shop.

C. ours

A. warm

41. It is much B. warmer here.

C. more warm

A. that

42. She is not as old B. than I am.

C. as

A. very

43. He's B. more intelligent than I am.

� most

A. more careful

44. He drives B. very careful

C. very carefully

A. very hot

45. Yesterday was the B. most hot day so far this year

C. hottest

46. A. Where

B. Why wrote that letter?

C. Who

A. because

47. She went home early B. while she had finished her work.

� without

48. The new instrument A. is expect to help scientists solve many important problems.

B. is expected

C. was expected

49. The man A. seems to be a stranger here.

B. seem

C. is seeming

A. Than

50. I'm going home to change first. B. Then I'm going out for a meal.

� Therefore

��

TRAVELLING

Thousands of people travel every day. To prove it, I invite you to a railway or a bus station, a port or an airport. There you will see thousands of people trying to catch a train a bus, a ship or a plane. Everybody wants to go somewhere and to get there as quickly as possible, with all conveniences and safety.

Of course, travelling by plane is the fastest, but it is also the most expensive. That�s why if people have time they go by train. It is one of the most popular means of travelling. Trains go slower than planes, but you can see much more interesting places of the country you are travelling through. Modern trains are very comfortable and you can enjoy even the longest journey.

Travelling by sea is popular mostly for pleasure trips. On board large ships and small river boats people can visit foreign countries and different places of interest within their own country. A trip by sea is usually called a voyage or a cruise.

Buses also can take you to any place you wish. It can be a trip not far from your home or a long journey even to a foreign country. Modern buses have comfortable seats, video and phone, you can have hot tea or coffee, drinks and snack. Tourist groups usually use buses to visit foreign countries and different places of interest.

Many people prefer travelling by car. They don�t have to buy tickets. They don�t have to carry heavy luggage. They can stop wherever they wish and spend as much time as they like at any place.

But some people like spending their holidays travelling on foot or by bike.

If you feel like travelling by plane, by train or by bus, you have to choose a flight or a line, to go to a ticket office and buy a single or a return ticket. Sometimes you have to change trains or buses. Then you take your luggage and try not to miss your plane, train or bus. They usually arrive in time - your wonderful journey begins. Have a nice journey.

As for me, I have never travelled far from my home. I and my family usually spend holidays at my Granny�s in the country. But last year we went to the seaside.

It was so exciting. I hope, next year I shall visit London. It�ll be great.

Vocabulary

airport ��

arrive ��

bike ��

boat ��

bus ��

bus station �� , ��

catch ��

change ��

choose ��

comfortable ��

convenience ��

cruise ��, ��

flight ��

journey ��, ��

baggage ��

means ��, ��

miss ��

on board the ship ��

on foot ��

railway station ��

return ticket ��

safely ��

seaside ��

seat ��, ��

single ticket ��

snack ��

spend ��

through train ��

ticket ��

ticket office ��

Here is my passport ��

I�m on a business trip � � ��

I�m visiting my � ��

relatives

I�m just passing through � ��

I�ll be staying� � ��

a few days, a week

I�m sorry, I don�t understand ��, � ��

Here is my customs declaration ��

I have nothing declare ��

Here is my baggage ��

Do I have to pay duty on this? �� ?

May I bring this in? �� ?

Customs officer ��

Where is the baggage claim area? �� ?

Here are my baggage claim checks. ��

Where can I get baggage cart? �� ?

I need a porter ��

Be careful with that bag! �� !

A suitcase is missing! �� !

Where is the lost and found? �� ?

Baggage Check-In ��

Baggage Claim ��

Cart Rental End ��

Cashier ��

Flight Information ��

Gates Open 1Hour Prior to Departure �� 1 ��

��

Can you prove that thousands of people travel every day?
How does everybody want to travel?
What is the fastest way of travelling?
What can you say about traveling by train?
Is travelling by sea popular?
What is a voyage?
Can buses take you at any place you wish?
Why do some people prefer travelling by car?
Is travelling on foot popular?
What do you have to do if you feel like travelling?
What was your last journey (trip, voyage) like?
Where will you go in summer?

MEALS

It goes without saying that I prefer to have meals at home. At the weekend I like to get up late and have a good breakfast of scrambled eggs or pancakes or something like that. But on weekdays I�m always short of time in the morning. So I just have a cup of strong tea or coffee and a couple of sandwiches.

As I spend a lot of time at the institute it�s necessary just to keep me going. That�s why I have to go to the school canteen to have lunch. Our canteen laves much to be desired we don�t have much choice there. But I enjoy my evening meal at home. My mother is a wonderful cook and her dinners are always delicious and various.

To begin with we usually have some salad � tomato and cucumber or mixed salad. For the first course we have some soup � noodle, mushroom, or cabbage soup or maybe some fish soup for a change. For the main course we have meat, chicken or fish dishes, for example, steak or fried fish with spaghetti or potatoes (boiled or fried). We also have a lot of vegetables. I prefer meat to fish but my mother makes me eat fish from time to time. She says it�s good for my brains. For dessert we have some fruit or just a cup of tea with a slice of cake, or an apple pie.

Of course when you don�t want to cook or you don�t have time you can go to a restaurant But it has become rather expensive now a days.

Vocabulary:

Scrambled eggs ��

Pancakes ��

to have a snack ��

canteen ��, ��

leaves much to be desired ��

first course ��

noodle ��

roast ��

sour cream ��

tasty ��

dessert ��

to have a sweet tooth ��

milkshake mix ��

orange juice ��

pizza ��

To book a table ��

Do you have a table for me? � �� ?

Menu, please ��, ��

Please bring ��

Would you like some�? ��

I am on a diet � ��

A green salad and afterwards some fruit ��, �� , � ��

Can you prepare a salt-and-spice-free meal for me?

�� -�� ?

Can you recommend me something? �� ?

Cheque please ��

�� (��) � �� . �� . �� .

�� . �� .

VISITING A DOCTOR

Last week I caught a b�d cold. I felt bad. I had a running nose, a bad cough and a sore throat. The temperature was 38.5. I also had a headache and couldn�t sleep. I decided to go to the clinic. The doctor examined me and said that I had the flu. He told me to stay in b�d for a few days and prescribed some medicine. He put me on the sick list. When I returned home, I went to bed at once. I had some hot tea with honey and took some medicine. The treatment helped me. Soon I felt better and a few days later I recovered.

My temperature became normal. When I came to the clinic again, the doctor said that everything was all right and I could go to my office. He advised me to spend a lot of time in the open air and devote more time to sport.

Vocabulary

medicine - ��, ��

health - ��

How are you? - �� ?

How do you feel? - �� ?

You look the very picture of health - � �� .

to be taken ill - ��

consulting � room - ��

ambulance - ��

patient - ��

What is the trouble? - �� ?

�omplaint - ��

hurt - ��

something is wrong with my heart - � ��

pain - ��

headache - ��

toothache - ��

ear � ache - ��

to be nervous - ��

cold - ��

heart attack - ��

sneeze - ��

fever - ��, ��

cough - ��, ��

wound - ��

diagnose - ��

disease - ��

examine - ��

treatment - ��

prescription - ��

operate - ��

recover - ��

chemist�s (shop) - ��

��

You were ill last month (week), weren�t you? 2. What were the symptoms? 3.You consulted a doctor, didn�t you? 4. What did the doctor tell you to do? 5. Did you take his advise? 6. How long did you stay in bed? 7. When did you recover? 8. How do you feel now? 9. Do you spend much time in the open air? 10. Do you keep to a diet? 11. What is it necessary to do to be healthy? 12. What do you usually do when you have a headache?

�� , �� .

�� :

�) � ��

SPEAKIMG ON THE TELEPHONE

Could I speak to Ann, please?

Speaking.
Oh, hello, Ann. This is Kate.
Hi, Kate. Glad to hear you. How are you?
Fine, and you?
I�m fine, too.
Thank you for the birthday card and the compact disk. The card gave me as much pleasure as the disk.
How was it, good?
It�s the best music I�ve ever heard.

You are always aware of all my wishes!

We missed you at the birthday party.

It�s a pity. I couldn�t come. But you know the reason.
Yes, I do. I hope you are going to the disco tonight.
Sure. See you there. Bye.
Bye.

card � ��

compact disk � ��-��

pleasure � ��

to be aware of � ��

wish � ��

to miss � ��

reason � ��, ��

disco � ��

tonight � ��

�� .
�� .

ABOUT MYSELF

My name is � I�m seventeen years old. I live in Sterlitamak ( � )

I�m not very tall (tall, short) and thin (not very thin, rather fat). My face is oval (round, square). I have a fair (dark) complexion. My eyes are blue (black, grey), my hair is blond (dark, chestnut), straight (curly) and long (short, not very long).

I left school this year and entered the Pedagogical Institute of Sterlitamak. I�m a first year student now and I�m going to be a teacher. My future speciality is � (Russian and Literature, History, Physics, Mathematics �). I�m eager to get the proper education to be able to do my best to become a good specialist.

I live with my family. It is large (small) and very good. We love each other very much. I like the evenings, when all the members of our family get together after werk and study and have the opportunity to talk TV, to read books and newspapers. I have some free time, we go for walks, discuss books or films, play talk about different things. We are fond of sport. We like swimming (play tennis, football) and often go to the swimming pool (tennis court, stadium) together.

fair � ��

dark � ��

complexion � ��

chestnut � ��

straight � ��

curly � ��

enter � ��

speciality � ��

to be eager to � ��, ��

proper � ��, ��

education � ��

to be able � ��

opportunity � ��

affair � ��

�� .
�� .

ON CLIMATE AND WEATHER

About 80 percent of Russia is in the temperate zone, 18 percent is Arctic and 2 percent is subtropical. In most regions the climate is continental with hot, short summers and cold, long winters. In the European part of the country the Pechora region, has the lowest average winter temperature (around �300C). The Siberia has a more continental climate than the European part of the country, winters are colder and longer, summers are hotter and shorter. Verkhoyansk, a town in eastern Siberia, the average January temperature there is below 500C. The Black Sea coast forms a separate climatic zone, with warm winters and hot summers.

Notes

30 0C ��: minus thirty degrees centigrade � �� 30 �� .
0 0� ��: zero centigrade � �� .

Vocabulary

about � �� high - ��

above � �� hot - ��

around � �� humid - ��

average � �� low - ��

below � �� mild - ��

changeable � �� moderate - ��

climate � �� percent - ��

coast � �� rainy - ��

cool � �� region � ��, ��

dry � �� separate - ��

short � �� so-called � ��

spring � �� winter - ��

autumn � �� summer - ��

temperate � �� weather - ��

year-long temperature � �� pole � ��

Answer the Questions

1. What climatic zones are there in Russia?

2. Which of the European regions has the lowest average winter temperature?

3. What region has the highestwinter temperature in Russia?

4. What�s Verkhoyansk called?

5. What�s the average winter temperature in Verkhoyansk?

6. What climate zone does the Black Sea Coast form?

Give a Summery of the Text.

Make up situations Using these Words and Word Combinations.

The Climatic zones of the European Part of Russia: to vary, from region to region, continental areas, the average winter temperature, the highest summer temperature, above, below.

The climate and Weather in the Place Where I Was During My Last Vacation: hot (warm), the sun, bright, to go for hikes, cool, dry, to rain, humid.

Translate into English.

� �� . �� .

� �� , �� .

�� . ��: ��-30 0C.

�� : �� , �� .

�� .

Speak on the Climate of Baschkortostan.

Translate these dialogs into Russian. Act them out.

It�s a Beautiful Morning

�. It�s a beautiful morning isn�t it?

�. Yes, it is. There isn�t a cloud in the sky and the sun is shining brightly. I�m afraid it may be hot the afternoon.

�. It�s 20 0C now. I�ve just heard over the radio the temperature may rise 29 0C in the afternoon.

�. That wouldn�t be so nice.

What an Awful Day!

�. What an awful day today!

�. Yes. The weather is awful, isn�t it?

�. I hate it when it rains.

�. So do I. It was worse yesterday, wasn�t it? It rained all day long.

�. Do you know the weather forecast for tomorrow?

�. No change for the better. Cold and rainy in the morning and windy in the afternoon.

�. That �s too bad.

BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE

With the development of industry, technology, trade and economic ties among the countries and ordinary people a great volume of business is done by mail. It is true that the telephone telegraph, telex and fax do speed transactions, but they also run up expenses to such an extent that practical businessman and economic people use these modern means of communication for matters requiring immediate action or messages which can be expressed briefly.

Business letters concern us in our daily living, especially those of us who live abroad and deal with foreigners.

People write business letters in many situations: concluding contracts, booking a seat in an airplane, reserving hotel accommodation, booking theatre tickets, writing order � letters, letters of inquiry and claim letters (letters of complaint) covering letters, letters of confirmation, letters of guarantee. A business letter, like a friendly or social letter, should make a favorable impression. In order that a letter may create this impression, it should be neatly written or typed, properly spaced on the page and correctly folded in the envelope.

The parts of a business letter. The basic outline for a business letter is that of any letter: the heading, the inside address, the salutation, the body of the letter, the complimentary close and the signature. If you forget something you mean to say in the letter, put it in a PS at the bottom of the page.

Vocabulary

development of industry - ��

volume - ��

a great volume of business - ��

to speed - ��t

to speed transactions - ��

to run up expenses - ��

to a great extent - � ��

to concern - ��

letter - ��, ��

order-letter - ��-��

inquiry letter - ��-��

claim letter - ��-��

covering letter - ��

letter of confirmation - ��

letter of guarantee - ��

to type - ��

to space - ��

to fold - ��

envelope - ��

heading - ��

inside address - ��

salutation - ��

body of the letter - ��

complimentary close - ��

signature - ��

circular letter - ��

to forget - ��

�� 1

�� .

University High School Stamp

155 East 44th Street Mr. H.Buford

New York 17, Fisher, Chief

New York Public Information

Service United Nations

UN Plaza

New York, New York

4th September, 2001

Dear Mr. Fischer

Our English >

Very truly yours

Laura Winston.

�� 2

�� :

What kind of letter is it?
Does the solution �Dear Mr. Fischer� scow that the correspondent is unknown to the author or known to him personally?
What does the body of the letter deal with?
Is the complimentary formal or informal?

�� 3

�� .

21st June 1999

Dear Mr. Brown

If just (to read) your promotion to sales manager. Let me (to offer) my warmest congratulations. I (not have) to tell you that all of us (to wish) you best of luck in your new position. We (to be sure) we (to read) more good news about you in the trade papers in the future.

Yours sincerely

F. Popov

�� 4

�� .

�� .
�� .
�� .
�� .

�� 5

�� .

We expect your early reply � ��
Please inform us in the shortest possible time � ��
We are looking forward to your consent ��
Yours faithfully = yours truly - � ��

�� 6

�� .

��-��.
�� .
��-��.
��-��.

APPLYING FOR A JOB

�� 1

�� (W) �� (1) � �� (��) � �� .

S. Compact Systems. Good afternoon.

W. Good afternoon. Could I speck to Hillary Beacham, please.

S. What is your name ?

W Adel Wright.

S. Thank you. What�s it about, please?

W. The secretarial job advertised in last night�s paper.

S. Ah, yes. You rang this morning, didn�t you?

W. Yes, that�s right.

S. Hold on a moment, please, Mrs Wright. I�ll just connect you.

W. Thank you.

HB. Hillary Beacham speaking.

W. Good afternoon. My name�s Adel Wright. I am ringing in connection with the secretarial job advertised in last night�s paper.

HB. Ah, yes, Mrs. Wright. You rang this morning, didn�t you?

W. Yes.

HB. Well, can I ask you a few questions?

W. Of course.

HB. I presume you�ve worked in a computer company?

W. Yes, I�ve had four years with DB Systems.

HB. Are you still there now?

W. Yes, I am.

HB. I see. And what about your duties there?

W. Well, I work in the sales department I handle all the inquiries.

HB. I see. And are these written inquiries?

W. Both written and phone calls.

HB. And do you have to do a lot of typing?

W. No, in fact I use the phone for nearly all inquiries.

HB. And how about shorthand?

W. Well, to be honest it�s a bit rusty.

HB. Come here, apply for position fill in the form.

W. Thank you.

�� :

What kind of job is MRS Wright looking for?
Where did she work before?
What is Hillary Beacham?

�� 2

�� .

Your name, address and telephone number.
Your date of birth.
Your marital status.
Your hobbies and leisure interests.
Details of all the jobs you have had.
The languages you speak, read or write.
Details of the professional diplomas or degrees you have gained.
Details of training courses you have attended.
Your reasons for applying for this job.
Your last salary.

�� 3

��

�� . � �� . �� . �� .

�� 4

�� .

to be in charge of - ��

to be familiar with the requirements of this job - �� , ��

a full-time job - ��

a part-time job - ��

well-paying job - ��

short-term job - ��

job in one�s special field - ��

to work overtime - ��

length of service - ��

cash award - ��

lay-off - ��

benefits - ��

probationary period - ��

to apply for position - ��

net salary - ��

regular pay - ��

to make a good impression - ��

�� 5

��

� �� . �� . �� .

Great Britain

Great Britain is an island lying off the north-western coastline of Europe. The English Channel separates it from the mainland in the south. The Strait of Dover, 18 miles wide, divides it from France. Great Britain is separated from Belgium and Holland by the north Sea, and from Ireland by the Irish Sea.

The official name of Great Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain is the name of the major island of the United Kingdom including England, Scotland and Wales; the United Kingdom, or the UK comprises Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The UK is often referred to as Great Britain or the British Isles. It is an island state consisting of more than 5000 large and small islands, the most important being the Isle of Man and the Isle of Wight. England is a part of the island of Great Britain; the Cheviot Hills and the river Tweed divide it from Scotland.

No part of Great Britain lies more than one hundred miles from the coast. The coastline is broken and has a few bays and excellent natural harbours. Internationally famous ports include London, Bristol, Southampton, Portsmouth, Dover and others.

Geographically the island of Great Britain is subdivided into two main regions: Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. The highest mountain Ben Nevis (1343) is in Scotland; the highest peak in Wales is Snowdon (1085).

The greater part of the land is flat. There are plenty of short rivers in Great Britain; the Severn is the longest one, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.

Due to the influence of the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current washing Britain�s western shores, the UK enjoys warmer winters and cooler summers than other countries at the same latitude.

There is much rain and fog in England. October is usually the wettest month, July is the hottest and January is the coldest one. All over the world Britain is notorious for its fogs. For many centuries, during the cold time of the year the English people have been using coal in their fireplaces in private houses, though smoke from factories contributed a great deal to the trouble too. That kind of fog and smoke English people used to call smog. An unusually thick smog in London in 1962 caused the death of some 4,000 people. During the 1960s, laws were passed under which using open coal fires in homes in the city area was forbidden. The laws stopped much of the pollution from the factories, too. The ordinary damp mists which afflict all parts of the countries.

The flora of the British Isles is varied and the fauna is similar to that of the north-west of Europe.

The country is not very rich in mineral resources. Over threequarters of Britain�s land is used for farming; farms produce nearly half of the food that Britain needs. The UK is a highly developed industrial country too, known as a producer and exporter of machinery, electronics, ships, aircraft and navigation equipment.

The capital of the UK is London, in England. The capital of Wales is Cardiff, and the Scottish capital is at Edinburgh; the capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast.

the English Channel - �� -��

the Strait of Dover - �� -��-��

the North Sea - ��

the Irish Sea - ��

the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland � ��

England - ��

Scotland - ��

Wales -��

the British Isles - ��

the Isles of Man - ��

the Isle of Wight - ��

the Cheviot Hills - ��

the Tweed - ��

Lowland Britain - ��

Highland Britain - ��

Ben Nevis - �� -��

Snowdon - ��

the Severn - ��

the Thames - ��

the Gulf Stream - ��

Cardiff - �. ��

Edinburgh - �. ��

Angles, Saxons, Jutes - ��, ��, �� (�� )

Vikings - ��

Normans - ��

Vocabulary

Coastline - ��

to separate from - ��

mainland - ��, ��

to comprise - ��, ��

to be referred to - ��, ��

bay - ��

harbour - ��. ��

influence - ��

current - ��

to wash the shores - ��

latitude - ��

to be notorious for - ��

to contribute to the trouble - ��

to pass a law - ��

pollution - ��

mist - ��

to afflict - ��

flora - ��

fauna - ��

to be not rich in natural resources � ��

farming - ��

to produce - ��

highly developed industrial country - ��

producer and exporter - ��

machinery - ��

aircraft and navigation equipment - ��

to be many centuries in the making � ��

to conquer - ��

to subdue an independent tribe - ��

invader - ��

Navy - ��-��

To wage a colonial war - ��

�the workshop of the world� - ��

Answer the questions:

Where does Great Britain lie?
What separates Great Britain from the mainland? From France, Belgium, Holland and Ireland?
What parts do Great Britain and the UK include?
What are the most important isles?
What are the main British ports?
Where is England situated?
What main regions is the island of Great Britain subdivided into?
How can you define climate of Great Britain?
What was the origin of smog in the UK?
What goods are produced in the UK?
What tribes and peoples was Great Britain conquered by?

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world after Russia, Canada and China. The country consists of 3 parts: the continental part is in the center of the North American continent. The outlying territories are Hawaii and Alaska. The total area of the United States is over 9 mln sq. km. The country borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It also has a seaborder with Russia.

The country is washed by 3 oceans: The Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country has many lakes, including the Great Lakes and many rivers, the longest of which are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Columbia and others. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Appalachian, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak, Mount McKinley, is in Alaska.

The climate conditions are rather various. The country is rich in natural and mineral resources: oil, gas, iron ore, coal and various metals.

The USA is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country. The main industrial branches are aircraft, rocket, automobile, electronics, radio engineering and others.

Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations. The country population is over 250 mln. The official language of the state is English. The national symbol of the USA is the national flag �Stars and Stripes�, having 50 white stars and 13 white and red stripes on its field, symbolizing the number of the original and present day states.

Officially the country comprises 50 states and 1 District of Columbia. The states differ in size, population and economic development. Each state has its own capital. The capital of the USA is Washington. It is situated in the District of Columbia on the banks of the Potomac River and is named after the 1st US President - George Washington. There are many large cities in the country: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San Francisco, Boston and some others.

The United States of America is a federal state, headed by the President. According to the US Constitution the powers of the Government are divided into 3 branches: legislative, executive and judicial.

The legislative power belongs to the Congress consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states while the House of Representatives � population. The executive power belongs to the President and his Administration (Vice-President and Cabinet of Ministers). The judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and the system of federal courts.

There are several political parties in the USA. The largest of them are the Republican (symbolized by a donkey) and the Democratic (symbolized by an elephant).

Nowadays the USA is one of the leading powers of the world due to its economic, political and military influence.

outlying areas �� aircraft �� Appalachian �� Great Lakes �� Rocky Mountains �� Sierra Nevada ��-�� Cordillera �� climate conditions �� District of Columbia �� donkey �� elephant [elifant] �� frontier �� government �� House of Representatives �� influence �� leading �� legislative power ��

lowlands �� military �� named after �� original �� peak �� rich �� Senate �� stars and stripes �� Supreme Court �� to be located �� to be made up from �� , �� to belong �� to border �� to divide �� to head �� to pass �� to represent �� to symbolize ��

Read and translate the following sentences and say whether they are right or wrong:

1. The USA is the largest English speaking country, (Yes, it's right.)

2. It occupies the whole North American continent. (No, it's wrong.)

3. The country borders on Russia, Canada and Mexico.

4. The US territory is over 9 mln. sq. km.

5. There are many lakes and rivers on the territory of the country.

6. The country climate is rather different.

7. The US is one of the highly developed industrial powers of the world.

8. There are 2 official languages in the country � English and French.

9. The national symbol of the USA is the donkey.

10. The capital of the USA is New York.

11. The head of the state is the President.

12. The legislative branch of the US Government is the Congress consisting of 2 chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

13. The President controls all the government branches.

Translate into English:

1.��

2. ��

3. ��

4. ��

5. ��

6. ��

7. ��

8. ��

9. ��

10. ��

11. ��-��

12. ��

13. �� / �� / ��

14. �� / ��

15. �� ,

16. ��-�� / ��

17. ��

Translate the following questions into English and answer them:

1. �� - �� , �� ?

2. �� ?

3. � �� ?

4. �� ?

5. �� ?

6. �� . �� ? � �� ?

7. � �� ? �� ?

8. �� ?

9. �� ?

10. �� , �� ?

11. �� ?

12. �� ?

13. �� / �� / �� ?

14. �� ?

Meeting People

I.Read and Comprehend the dialogues.

Dialogue 1

Ted: Excuse me, you must be Tom. Tom: Sorry?

Ted: You're Tom, aren't yoy? You've just come from Stockholm, haven't you? Tom: Yes, that's right,I�m ��m Andersson.

Ted: Good, and I�m Ted Royal.

Tom: How do you do.

Ted: How do you do.That�s Mrs Royal and our son. Liz, Allan, come and say hello to Tom...

Liz: Hello, Tom, did you have a good light?

Tom: Oh, yes, very nice, thank you. Hello, Allan.

Allan: Hello.

Ted: Come on, Tom, we've got the car outside. Liz, did you find a baggage trolley for Tom?

Liz: I'm afraid,I didn't. I couldn't find one anywhere.

Ted: Never mind, give me one of your bags, Tom...

Tom: Oh, thank you, Mr Royal.

Ted: By the way, I hope you don't mind me calling you Tom?

Tom: No, of course not.

Liz: And, Ted, don�t you think is would be better if Tom called us by our first

names?

Ted: Yes, of course, "Mr. Royal" makes me feel like a grandfather.

Dialogue 2

Kate: Hello, Terry Nice to see you Gome on in.

Terry: Thanks, I'm not too early, am I?

Kate: No, of course not. How are you?

Terry: I'm fine, thanks, Kate. And you?

Kate: Oh, can't complain, Here Jet me fake your coat.

Terry: Thanks. Have many people arrived yet?

Kate: Yes, Quite a few. Oh, by the way have you met Sally?

Terry: No, I don't think so.

Kate: Sally...this is Terry.

Sally: Hello, Kate's told me a lot about you.

Terry: Nothing bad, I hope. (they laugh)

Kate: Anyway, Terry, come on into the room and meet the others.

��rry: Yes, thanks.

Do the following tasks on Dialogues 1,2.

l) Name the greetings people use in the dialogues.

2) Make a list of formal and informal greetings.

3) Name formal and informal forms of introduction used in the dialogues.

4) Name other �politeness phrases�, used in the dialogues.

5) In which of the two dialogues more formal phrases are used? Explain why.

Replace these formal phrases with informal ones:

l) Life is fine with me. How are you?

2). Good afternoon, Mr Smith.

3) I don't, believe you've met Miss Brown, have you?

4) How do you do.

5) It was very kind of you to invite us.

Replace these informal phrases with formal ones:

1) Fine, thanks. And you?

2) Glad you could come.

3) Sally... Allan.

4) Hello!

5) Bye!

Match the phrases in the left column with those in the right one.

1) Hello John. How's it going? 1) Good morning Mrs Baker. It was very

2) Sally, this is Jane. kind of you to invite me.

3) I do hope, I'm not too early. 2) Hello, Jane. Pleased to meet you.

4) Do you know George? 3) Hello, Pete. It's nice to see you again.

5) Miss Smith, I'd like to introduce to 4) Fine, thanks, Sally. And you?

you Mr Brown. 5) No, don't believe I have.

6) Fm very well, thank you and how 6)Oh, no. Not in the least.

are your children? 7) How do you do.

7) Pam, say hello to Pete. 8) How do you do, Miss Smith?

8) How do you do? 9) They're fine, thank you. And how are

9) I don't believe you've yonr parents?

met Miss Baker, have you? 10) No, can't say I do.

10) Good morning, miss Smith.

I'm so pleased you could come.

What can you say in the following situations?

l) You greet a businessman Mr Brown, who you have never met before. It's 3

p.m. Mr Brown answers your greeting.

2) A man, Mr Brown, introduces himself to you. You anwer the introduction.

3) You introduce your new friend Allan to your college professor, Mrs Baker.

Mrs Baker answers the introduction.

4) You greet your friend Dick. It's 8 a.m. Dick answers your greeting.

5) Your meet your friend Kate. It's 8 p.m. Kate answers your greeting.

6) Introduce yourself to a girl you have never met before.

7) At an official meeting of students, you introduce your, professor to British students, who are visiting your country.

8) Introduce your sister (cousin) to your f rinds.

9) You are meeting a group of tourists Introduce yourself to them.

Philip's Working Day

Philip is a student. He studies English. He studies hard. He wakes up at 7 and goes to the bathroom. In the bathroom he washes, shaves and cleans his teeth. Then he dresses. He puts on his suit; shirt and shoes. At 8 he goes to the kitchen. He has breakfast. For breakfast he has tea, bread and butter and bacon and eggs. During breakfast he listens to the radio.

After breakfast he puts his books into the bag, puts on his coat and hat and goes to his college. He goes there by bus. He gets to his college at 9.

When he comes to the college, he takes off his coat and hat and goes to the>

During the break they play table-tennis or talk about new films, books and sport.

After>

TEACHER'S PROFESSION

Teaching is interesting, creative and important work. A good teacher is not only a communicator of knowledge but a model of competence. He forms attitudes to his subject and altitudes to learning. He discovers children's inter, interests, their strength and weaknesses, their needs.

A teacher must know his particular subject. A good teacher studies constantly, reviews, researches his subject, perfects his knowledge.

He stimulates children to develop their abilities and to satisfy their interests. "Climate" of a>

Teaching is an exacting job, but those who are well equipped for I will have a happy and satisfying life.

creative - ��

communicator... of knowledge - ��

competence - ��

attitude - ��

strength - ��

weekness - ��

need - ��

particular - ��

to review - ��

to research - ��

to perfect - ��

ability - ��

to satisfy - ��

to depend on - ��

relationships - ��

respect - ��

community - ��

shaping - ��

exacting - ��, ��

job - ��

to equip - ��

��

What kind of work is teaching?
What is a good teacher?
What attitudes does a good teacher form to?
A good teacher discovers children's interests, their strength and weaknesses, their needs, doesn't he?

AT THE AIRPORT

Flying to New York

Proffesor Belov and his collegues were going to New Yok to take part in a conference on ecology.

They arrived at the airport two hours before the departure. Fii^t of all they went to the check-in counter, where a ticket agent looked at their tickets and passports. Then their baggage was checked in. Proffesor Belov's suitcases were very heavy, so he had to pay an amount of money for overweight. Next they were given boarding passes, that allowed them to get on the plane. The boarding passes had the seats numbers written on them. Their suitcases were labeled and sent off to be loaded into the hold of the airplane. While waiting for the flight to be called, some of proffesor Belov's collegues went to the newsstand to buy some magazines.

At last they went through the security check, where their hawd luggage was searched. In the departure lounge proffesor Belov and his collegues joined the other passengers. After the announcement they went to board their plane. The flight was quite comfortable and the passengers felt quite safe. When they reached their destination and the plane landed, they were asked to fill in declaration forms. Then their visas and passports were checked and they went through the customs. The customs officer asked his usual question: "Have you anything to declare?" They answered: "All (that) we have is for personal use." Soon all the formalities were over.

check in - ��

connter - ��

baggage - ��

overweight - ��

pass - ��

load - ��

hold - ��

newsstand - ��

security - ��

check - ��, ��

lounge - ��

announcement - ��

STUDENT�S LIFE

The students have to do their best to acquire necessary knowledge. They must attend lectures and practical hours, never miss seminars and lab >

Many students receive state grants and they are provided with hostels. Senior students are given vocational training during the pedagogical practice at schools. While practicing they must master their teaching skills and I tutorial experience getting more knowledge about their profession. The undergraduates and senior students carry out research in different branches of science. The aim of the research work carried out by students is to solve the most pressing educational problems, to study and use the progressive, pedagogical experience of others during their work at school.

The students go in for sports, they participate in organizing various types of recreational activities for children, they stage concerts.

Vocabulary

to do one's best - ��

to acquire - ��

necessary - ��

to attend - ��

to miss - ��

home assignments - ��

condition - ��

a subject room - ��

to receive - ��

a state grant - ��

a senior students - ��

to master - ��

an undergraduate - ��

to carry out - ��

aim - ��

to solve - ��

to use - ��

to go in for - ��

to participate - ��

to stage - ��

Answer the Questions

What is the role of school practice in training teachers?
What helps the students to master their future profession?
Why do students lake part in scientific research?
What do we mean when we say "students' life"?

��

The Royal Hotel

5 Blue St Star City

Dreamland

12 th April 1999

Personnel Manager

RBM Company

27 Green Street

Star City

Dreamland

Dear Sir,

I would like to apply for the position of junior accountant which you advertised in yesterday's "City Times". I am a student of the Economics Department and I have been bookkeeping at my father's firm for two years. I speak good English and feel that I am qualified to fill your position.

Please send any application forms that you want me to fill in and let me know if you want an interview.

Yours faithfully

��

��
��
��

� ��

��

SPORTS IN GREAT BRITAIN

The British are known to be great sports-lovers, so when they are neither playing, nor watching games, they like to talk about them. Many of the games we play now have come from Britain.

One of the most British games is cricket. It is often played in schools, colleges, universities and by club teams all over the country. Summer isn't summer without cricket. To many Englishmen cricket is both a game and a standard of behaviour. When they consider anything unfair, they sometimes say: "That isn't cricket."

But as almost everywhere else in the world, the game which attracts the greatest attention is Association football, or soccer. Every Saturday from late August till the beginning of May, large crowds of people support their favourite sides in football grounds. True fans will travel from one end of the country to the other to see their team play. There are plenty of professional and amateur soccer clubs all over Britain. International football matches and the Cup Finals take place at Wembley.

Rugby football is also very popular, but it is played mainly by amateurs.

Next to football, the chief spectator sport in British life is horse-racing. A lot of people are interested in the races and risk money on the horse which they think will win. The Derby is perhaps the most famous single sporting event in the whole world.

Britain is also famous for motor-car racing, dog-racing, boat-racing, and even races for donkeys. The famous boat-race between the teams of Oxford and Cambridge attracts large crowds of people.

A great number of people play and watch tennis. Tennis tournaments at Wimbledon are known all over the world. The innumerable tennis courts of Britain are occupied by people between the ages of 16 and 60 who show every degree of skill � from practically helpless to the extremely able.

The British also like to play golf, baseball, hockey, grass-hockey. Various forms of athletics, such as running, jumping, swimming, boxing are also popular. You can sometimes hear that there are no winter sports in England. Of course the English weather is not always cold enough to ski, skate, or toboggan, but winter is a good season for hunting and fishing.

Indeed sport in one form or another is an essential part of daily life in Britain.

Vocabulary

next to football � ��

chief [tJi:f] � ��, ��

spectator sport � ��

racing � �� (��, �� .)

boat-race � ��

tournament ['tuanement] ��

innumerable [i'nju.marebl] � ��

degree [di'gri;] � ��, ��

skill � ��

helpless � ��

extremely � ��

able ['eibi] � ��

to toboggan [ta'bogen] � �� , ��

MY SUMMER HOLIDAYS

After my hard and busy school year my summer holidays began. I felt happy when hard and busy school year finished and summer holidays began. I started to plan a lot of wonderful things to do | during my summer vocation.

I was dreaming about visiting far south countries I always wanted to visit. For example, I dreamed to visit, Greece islands or Spanish beaches. But I had to go to the Azov Sea seaside with my parents. The water was very warm there, because the Sea of Azov isn't deep. There were different kinds of entertainments there. Best of all I liked water scooters and discos.

There was nothing to do all day except taking sunbathes and swimming. I was playing with my little sister on the sand and taught her to swim. Later, I returned home and spent some time there going out with my friends, reading, listening to music, watching TV and playing computer games. After that I went to the sport camp where I spent twenty days with my friends.

It was very useful experience for us, because we had to get up very early, to train a lot. But it made us stronger and healthier.

I was very happy to return home and to spend several days in my summer cottage, where I had a rest helping my grandfather to dig the garden, to irrigate plants and to gather fruit and vegetables. I was fishing with my grandfather sometimes and we cooked our fish together. Only insects were spoiling my good humour. I was enjoying floating in the boat, swimming and helping my grandparents.

During my summer holidays I made new friends, read a lot of interesting books, knew many useful things. Now, I feel ready to get back to school.

I am happy to meet my school friends and teachers�

hard � ��, ��

busy � ��, ��

to feel (past felt, p.p. felt) � ��

to dream (past dreamt, p.p. dreamt) about � ��

beach � ��

deep � ��, ��

bush � ��

entertainment � ��

scooter � ��. ��, ��

to sunbathe � ��

to teach (past taught, p.p. taught) � ��, ��

sport camp � ��

useful � ��

experience � ��

to get (past got, p.p. got) up � ��

to return � ��

several � ��, ��

cottage � �� , ��, ��

to have (past had, p.p. had) a rest � ��

to dig (past dug, p.p. dug) � ��, ��

to irrigate � ��

to cook � ��

insect � ��

to spoil � ��

�� , ��

able to ��
abnormal ��, ��,

��

abnormal psychology ��
abreaction ��, (��, ��

��-�� )

absence ��
absent-mindedness ��
absolute ��
absorption ��
abstract ��
abstract thinking ��
abstractive ��
abuse of alcohol ��
abuse of narcotics ��
acceleration ��, ��
accidental ��, ��
accommodation ��
accumulate ��
accumulation ��
accurate ��
achieve one�s purpose, �� , ��

end, goal, objective

achievement test ��

��

acoustic ��, ��, ��
acquired, learned, ��

conditioned reflex

acquired reflexes ��
activation ��
active ��
activity ��
adapt to new conditions ��
adaptation ��
adequacy ��
adjust ��
adolescence ��
affection ��
affective ��
agent ��, �� (�-� ��)
aggression ��
alcoholism ��
alternation ��
amnesia ��
analogous ��
analogy ��
analysis � analyses ��
analyst ��
analyze ��
animal psychology ��
anxiety ��
apparatus ��, ��, ��
application 1. ��, �� 2. ��
applied psychology ��
apply 1. ��, ��,

2. ��, ��

Aristotle ��
artificial intelligence ��
associate with ��(��) � ��-��
attention 1. ��, 2. ��
attribute ��
autonomic 1. ��, 2. ��
awareness ��, ��
be responsible for ��
behave ��
behaviour ��
behaviour psychology ��
behaviourism ��
biology ��
bodily structure ��
branch of science ��
brain ��
bring up children ��
capability ��
capacity for �� -��
care for �� -��
Carl Jung ��
carry out a test ��
case history ��
causal ��
causation ��
cause ��, ��
cause and effect ��
central nervous activity ��
changeable ��
character ��
child psychology ��
circumstances ��
clinical psychology ��
cognition ��
cognitive ��
cognitive psychology ��, ��
collection of information ��
common error ��
communication ��
communicative ��
comparative method of ��

investigation

comparative psychology ��
competence ��
complex ��, ��, ��,

��

concentration of attention ��
concept ��, ��, ��, ��
conceptual apparatus ��
conclusion (��)��, ��
condition ��, ��, ��
conditional ��
conduct ��
conflict ��, ��
connotation ��
(un)conscious act (��)��
conscious mind ��
consciousness ��, ��
constant ��
control emotions, �� , ��, ��

passion, anger

cope with stress ��
cortex ��
creative ��
creative thinking ��
crude methods, facts ��
culture ��
data � datum ��, ��
deaf ��
deafness ��
deal with stress ��
deduction ��, ��, (��)��
deductive method, thinking �� , ��
definite � indefinite ��
define ��
definition ��
dependence ��
depress ��
Descartes ��
desire ��
developmental psychology ��
developmental stage ��
diagnose ��
diagnostic ��
differentiate ��
discredit ��, ��,

��

display of feelings ��
distraction ��
disturb ��, ��
disturbance of speech ��
divergence ��
dream 1.��, 2.��
drive 1. ��, 2. ��, ��
drug ��, ��
educational psychology ��
efficiency ��
elicit a response ��
encode ��
encouragement ��, ��
enormous ��
environment �� , ��
essence of things �� , ��
essential ��, ��, ��
estimation ��, ��, ��
event ��, ��, ��
evidence ��, ��, ��,

��

excite 1. ��, ��, 2. ��
exist ��, ��, ��
existentialism ��
experienced ��
experiment ��
experimental ��, ��
experimental psychology ��
expert ��
expertise in smth �� -��
external ��
extreme ��
facts supporting theory ��, ��
fault ��, ��
faulty argument ��
female sex ��
focus attention ��
free will ��
functional approach ��
gain experience ��
Gestalt / form psychology ��
group acceptance ��
grown-up ��
habit ��
have a good record ��
hearing ��
Hegel ��
heredity ��
higher nervous activity ��
human ��
human being ��
Hume ��
hypothesis ��
id � ego � superego ��
image ��, ��, ��, ��
imagination ��
impersonal ��
implicit memory ��
impression ��
impressive ��
impulse ��
inability ��
inborn / innate/ unconditioned

/unlearned reflex ��

incidental ��, ��
inclination ��
independent ��
individual 1. ��, 2. ��
inductive ��,
infant ��
infantile 1. ��, �� 2. ��

��

influence ��
information-processing model ��
inheritance ��
insight ��, ��, ��
instinct ��
instinctive ��
intellect ��, ��, ��
intelligence ��, ��; ��
intelligent ��, ��
interact ��
interpersonal ��
interpretation ��, ��
intimacy �� , ��, ��
intuition ��
isolation ��
judg� ��, �� -��
judgment 1. ��, ��, 2. ��
Kant ��
kinesthetic sensation ��
lack of will ��
latency ��, ��
life span ��
Locke ��
logic ��
logical ��
long-term ��
male sex ��
matter of dispute ��
maturate ��, �� (� ��)
mature ��
means of communication ��
measure 1. ��, ��, 2. ��
memories of childhood recede ��
memorize ��
memory ��
memory span ��
mental ��, ��, ��
mental disorder ��
mental scale ��
mental sphere ��
mental state ��
method ��, ��
methodology ��
mind ��
mood ��
motivation ��
motive ��, ��
multiple-choice test ��
natural ��, ��, ��
negative ��, ��
nerve ��
nervous ��, ��, ��
nervous tension ��
neurological ��
Nietzsche ��
non-random ��
nurture of the mind ��
object ��, ��, ��
objective ��, ��
observation ��
observe ��, ��
occasion ��, ��, ��, ��
occasional ��
olfactory sensation ��
operation ��, ��, ��,

��

opposite ��
original ��, ��, ��
pain ��, ��, ��, ��
patient 1. ��, 2. ��
pattern 1. �� , �� ,

2. ��, 3. ��, ��

pedagogical psychology ��
perceive ��, ��
perception 1. ��, 2. ��, ��
perception threshold ��
permissible variation ��
permissive parents ��
person ��, ��
personality ��, ��
phenomenon- phenomena ��, ��
philosophy ��
physician ��, ��
physics ��
physiology ��
Plato ��
population ��, ��
positive ��, ��
potency ��
power of thought ��
practical ��
practical suggestion ��
practice ��
prejudice �� , ��
preoccupy �� , ��
pressure ��
probability ��, ��
problem-solving ability ��
procedure ��
projection ��, ��
proof ��
provide for ��
provide with ��, �� -��
psychiatrist ��
psychiatry ��
psychoanalysis ��
psychological ��
psychological stress �� , ��
psychology ��
psychotherapy ��
punishment ��
qualified ��, ��
qualitative analysis ��
quantitative analysis ��
questionnaire ��, ��
random ��
rat ��
rational ��
rationalism ��
react to a signal ��
reaction ��, ��
reaction on public opinion ��
reason ��, ��, ��
reasonable ��, ��
reasoning �� , ��
recall 1. ��, 2. ��
receptor ��, ��. ��
recognition 1. ��, 2. ��, 3. ��
record 1. ��, �� 2. ��,

3. �� 4. ��

recover ��
recovery ��
reflect (on, upon) 1. ��, 2. ��
reflection 1. ��, 2. ��

3.��

reflex ��,
reflexive ��
relation ��, ��
relative ��, ��
relax ��
reliant ��, ��
rely on test �� , ��
remind sb of smth �� -�� -��
representative sample ��
reproduce (��)��
reproduction ��, ��,
research 1. �� , ��

2. ��

resist authority ��
resistance to pressure ��
response ��, �� -��
result 1. ��, 2. ��
retention �� , ��. ��
retrieve ��
revolt ��
ripen into adulthood ��
rising generation ��
salivate ��
salivation ��
sample ��
Sartre ��
satisfy ��, ��
scale 1. ��, 2. ��,

3. �� (��)

scent ��
scientific term ��
sensation ��, ��,
sense 1. �� 2. �� 3. ��

4. ��, ��

common sense ��
sensitive ��, ��
sensory ��, ��
session ��
sexual activity ��
short-term ��
Sigmund Freud ��
sign 1. �� 2. �� 3. ��, ��
signal 1. �� 2. ��
skill ��, ��, ��
smell 1. ��, 2. ��, ��
sociability ��
social ��, ��
social background ��
social psychology ��
social status ��
socialization ��
society ��
Socrates ��
solve a problem ��
soul ��
sound 1. �� 2. ��
source of knowledge ��
span of attention ��
special feature �� ,

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