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CONTENTS

I. Educational Institutions for Adults in Great Britain...... 5

II. The Curriculum and the Syllabus 10

HI. The Teaching Staff 14

IV. The College Building 20

V. Admission of Students 24

VI. The Student Body 28

Students' Study Work 33
Students' Social Activities 38

IX. Examinations 41

X. Postgraduate Research Work 45

XI. Scientific Conferences, Sessions, Symposia 51

XII. Scientific Publications 54

Russian-English Dictionary 59

I. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS FOR ADULTS IN GREAT BRITAIN

Vocabulary (A)

advanced work

Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Science

compulsory school age

to confer diplomas duplicated

educational institution engineering department extension courses (groups)

extra-mural

fusion

graduate

Master

mining department

non-resident college

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non-vocational>

preliminary courses refresher courses research

residential college

science department thesis

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Text 1

The Education Act of 1944 specifies three features which distinguish further education in the United Kingdom. It is for persons over compulsory school age; it consists of full-time and part-time education; and it includes 'leisure-time occupation' in such organized cultural training and recreat�ive activities as are suited to the requirements of adults.

There are different kinds of educational institutions: universities, colleges, both residential and non-resident, uni�versity extra-mural departments, evening departments at colleges, extension groups or extension courses, refresher courses and preliminary courses.

The oldest and best-known universities are located in Oxford, Cambridge, London, Manchester, Liverpool, Durham, Edinburgh, Southampton, Cardiff, Bristol, Birmingham. At the University a student studies for three years, or four years in order to become a teacher. The fourth year is devoted to the study of education and relevant subjects. A University graduate will leave with the Degree of Bache�lor of Arts, Science, Engineering, Medicine, etc. Later he may continue to take the Master's Degree by thesis or research and if expert in his particular subject the Degree of Doctor is open to him.

There are at present in Great Britain some three hundred technical colleges providing part-time and full-time educa�tion. Technical colleges confer diplomas, but not degrees. The Imperial College of Science and Technology of the University of London is made up of the following depart-

merits: the engineering department, the science department and the mining department. Its main research interests are in exact sciences � mathematics, physics, nearly all branches of chemistry and some branches of biology. When the fusion of some technical colleges took place several years ago all duplicated departments were combined.

Some colleges do a substantial amount of advanced work, particularly in full-time and 'sandwich' courses. (A 'sandwich' course usually lasts 3�5 years and consists of alternate periods of about 6 months each of college education and factory training.)

A necessary condition of entry to the Technical College is a preliminary course of study which will fit the candi�dates for the more specialized courses.

Adults who have the wish and the possibility to study for pleasure are provided with different forms of 'leisure-time occupation'. Non-vocational and recreational>

Vocabulary (B)

academic board (council)

acting

administrative staff

to be appointed to the part of

to award certificates certificated teacher

co-educational (mixed) col�lege

curriculum

department of Education extension lecture course

head of a department teaching staff

Teachers' Training College visiting head

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warden (principal)

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Text 2

Teachers' Training Colleges have a two-years' course, sometimes three, if specializing in some particular subject. They award certificates to their graduates. Thus, Goldsmiths' College is a large co-educational residential Training College, which forms an integral part of the University of London. The College, which is open to students of both sexes, comprises a Training Department for Teachers, an Art School (Day and Evening) and an Evening Department of Education.

Throughout many years Goldsmiths' College was fortun�ate in its administrative and teaching staff. In the absence of the warden Prof. R. had been recognized as Acting Warden. At the same time the two Vice-Principals of the Training Department were appointed. The selection of the staff and students, the making of the time-table and the finding of lodgings for students are the tasks of the Vice-Principals in a college. No change may be made in any arranged course of study without reference to the Vice-Prin�cipals at the beginning of the sessions.

The new Head of the Evening Department was Mr. J. who had again taken up his duties after a prolonged illness. In his absence the Head of the Lewisham Literary 'Institute Mr. S. acted as visiting Head of the Department for several months.

All questions relating to the curriculum are very fully considered by the Academic Board of the College and the Academic Council of the University.

The extension lecture course is still an important element in most extra-mural programmes. In June 1953, an extension group was started to give Junior school teachers opportu�nities to share their experiences and discuss their problems in an informal atmosphere. A year or two later, some very successful and well attended Teachers' Refresher Courses, specially concerned with the teaching of backward children, were conducted in the summer terms. The majority of uncertificated teachers that attended them combined a con�siderable practical experience with no previous theoretical training.

Exercise I. Fill in the blanks with a word or an expression from the new vocabulary.

Is there any evening department at the English faculty
of your Institute? No, there is only � department for uncertifi-
cated teachers.
All higher institutions in our country are �. They are
open to students of both sexes.
Are there as many residential institutes in Leningrad
as � ones?
Many teachers attend �� to improve their knowledge.
Several � courses are held for them in this college.
Who substitutes the principal when the latter is on
leave? � does.
� courses are 'organized for those who want to enter
the Institute.
How many members of � form the Academic Board of
your Institute?
Further education comprises � and � education. It is
for people over � age.
Miss Smith got her � at the Manchester Teachers'
Training College.

10. Professor A. � of head of the English department
during eight years.

Exercise II, Supply prepositions or adverbs if necessary.

School text-books should be suited � the requirements
� children. They should be made � � instructive and inter�
esting texts. � present a group of school teachers is compil�
ing new standard school books.
Professor F., head of the Educational department, has
retired; he was relieved � his post and Professor A. was
appointed � this post.
Do you know the conditions � entry � the Pedago�
gical Institute? No, I don't. I wanted to speak � the deputy-
head of the English department, but the secretary � the
department told me the admission hours were from three
to five.
All questions relating � the extra-mural department
are discussed � the Academic Board of the Institute.
Any Institute graduate may take the Academic Degree �
thesis if he is an expert � his particular subject.

Exercise III. Give antonyms to the following words and expres�sions:

part-time education, non-resident college, single-sex institution, increase of the staff, to be relieved from the post, uncertifi-cated teacher, extra-mural.

Exercise IV. Translate into English.

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II. THE CURRICULUM AND THE SYLLABUS Vocabulary

academic year (session) ��

advanced course �� , ��

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the time-table � ��

compulsory subject ��

comprehensive �� (��, ��)

course, course of study (of ��

instruction)

course of lectures ��

course on mathematics ��

course in the history of the �� language

the course runs for to cut down lectures to draw up the syllabus

film projection

to give thorough tuition

handwork

health education (hygiene) to hold seminars (discus�sions) humanities individual reading intense curriculum key subject language of instruction

to lead tutorials optional subject overcrowded syllabus physical education (phy�sical training) principles of education private study scheme of study work specialized subject teaching practice tutor

tutorials (or tutorial instruc�tion)

to be well balanced in the humanities and science

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Text 8

The function of a University is to give specialized training of a high degree. Universities are well balanced in the humanities and science. The curriculum is arranged to give thorough tuition.

In the first post-war years many departments suffered from a very intense curriculum and an overcrowded syllabus which left the students almost no time for private study and individual reading. By cutting down the number of lectures it was hoped that there would be more time and scope for tutorial group work.

The established curriculum for two-year students of the Teachers' training department in England included four Ordinary courses taken in the first year only, one of these being continued in the second year as an Advanced course. Some lightening of the curriculum was achieved when the number of 'Ordinary' courses was reduced from four to three, and English Literature ceased to be compulsory.

The College Ordinary course was planned to run for a full academic year of forty-seven weeks, with breaks of four weeks at Christmas and three at Easter. The scheme of study work in a Teachers' Training College is based upon compul�sory and optional subjects. Principles and Practice of Teaching, English, Physical Education and Health Education are compulsory subjects. Lectures in these subjects are supplemented by tutorials led by experienced tutors. History, Handwork, Mathematics, Geography, Music are optional. The key subject is Principles of Education.

Seminars on Philosophy and English Literature are held for advanced students only. Critical study of Prose and Poetry in seminars is of great benefit to its members.

A course of study in preparation for the B. A. Degree of the University is provided in several specialized subjects.

All students of the Teachers' Training Department spend twelve weeks on teaching practice in schools, chosen accord�ing to the age-range of children for which the students are being trained.

A certain number of students attend also such supple�mentary courses as film projection and film-making and choral and orchestral groups.

At all Universities and Colleges of England and Wales English is the language of instruction.

Exercise I. Supply prepositions or adverbs if necessary.

1. When drawing � a syllabus the teacher must bear in mind that it must not be overcrowded. Our new syllabus � theoretical grammar must be based � this principle because

lectures have been cut � to give the "students more time � private study.

2. This year I have decided to take � a specialist course

� >specialists � >�� seminars. It will run � one term.

3. The list of lectures �� the refresher courses provides

� 12 periods � a week. Students are obliged to attend the
classes set � � the time-table.

Exercise II. Translate into Russian.

No student shall be entitled to attend a course of instruc�tion in which he does not propose to offer himself for exami�nation unless accomodation is available for him after provision has been made for all those students for whom the course is primarily intended. The Chairman of a Faculty Board or the Head of a Department or the Chairman of the Board for the Ordinary B. A. Degree may, either on recommendation of the lecturer or on his own initiative, exclude on grounds of lack of space students other than those for whom the particular course is primarily intended.

(Extract from the Rules of Cambridge University.)

Exercise III. Make a list of expressions with the following words and use them in sentences:

course, curriculum, science, subject, tutor.

Exercise IV. Oive definitions of the following according to the model:

Optional subjects. These are subjects chosen by the students according to their individual inclinations.

syllabus, related sciences, humanities, key subject, compulsory subjects, time-table, tutorial group, to give tutorial instruction, extra-mural education, co-educational college, an advanced course, refresher courses, social sciences, faculty board, non-science faculties, a session on phonetics.

Exercise V. Translate into English.

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III. TEACHING STAFF Vocabulary

advanced degree

to be appointed to the chair

to be appointed to a pro�fessorship (to the post of professor)

appointments to the teaching staff

applicant

applications are invited assistant lecturer to assume duties

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clarity of diction experience in the education�al field fitting speed full-time teacher

to give practical instruction to hold (occupy) the chair to hold (possess) a degree the holder (occupant) of the

chair

Increase in staff instructor in teaching me�thods

laboratory technician lecturer in the History of

Education

matter of instruction part-time teacher

postgraduate courses

presentation of a subject

to recruit teachers

reduction of the staff

to retire

retired teacher

on one's retirement

the subject under review

the staff; teaching staff

to staff

staffing ratio

teaching duties

teaching experience (service)

teaching methods

visiting professor

voice-recording

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Text 4

The teaching staff of Goldsmiths' College is academic�ally a strong one and teaching is maintained at a high level. After the war the College obtained a badly needed increase in staff and several full-time and part-time teachers were recruited both for the morning and the evening departments. At present sixty-five teachers are on its staff, forty-three of whom are holders of advanced degrees.

Part-time teaching has its place especially in postgra�duate courses. In technical colleges mosl of the part-time teachers are industrialists, that is men and women of dis�tinction employed in industry.

The first appointments to the teaching staff of Gold�smiths' College were made during the summer term. The applicants were: Dr. R. as full-time senior lecturer in the History of Education. He is a man of wide experience in the educational field, having taught both in Grammar school and at University level and having had experience in admi�nistrative and inspectorial work. Alongside with his duties at the University of Birmingham, he had been visiting professor at a Teachers' Training College and some years ago lectured by invitation in Scotland.

Miss L. was appointed to the post of full-time assistant lecturer in English literature and Mrs. B. and Mr. W. as instructors in teaching methods. An old student of the College Miss J. was appointed temporarily to assist with the English tutorial work. She will assume duties at the beginning of the winter term and will give practical in�struction in Phonetics and voice recording.

Applications are still invited for the post of Professor of Education who will also hold the chair after the retire�ment of its present occupant, Dr. N.

In the teaching of many subjects the assistance of a laboratory technician is of great value. The teacher with�out a laboratory technician finds himself with less time than he should have for his normal teaching duties. He has no time for designing and arranging practical instruction and all too frequently lessons become 'chalk and talk'. Unluckily for the teaching staff of the College, the number of laboratory technicians has been greatly reduced in the

preceding years, but it is to be hoped that a more gener�ous staffing ratio will allow the employment of some addi�tional workers.

Text 5 The Training of University Teachers

At the beginning of his teaching career the young in�structor is likely to be faced with a heavy load of element�ary teaching, and the fact that he has research ability does not necessarily mean that he has interest in, or apti�tude for, pure teaching at the university level, nor that he is capable of keeping a tutorial group running smoothly.

So far, little attention has been paid to the technique of lecturing. In general, lecturers are conscientious about the matter of instruction, but the presentation of a subject in the lecture-room, though impeccable as regards content, does on occasion leave much to be desired in the matter of elementary teaching techniques.

This is the most vital point of all. The cause of so much dissatisfaction quite often proves to be some fault in the technique of presentation, or even a mere mechanic�al shortcoming, which could in most cases so easily have been circumvented by some initial instruction and guidance of the lecturer concerned.

The following are a few of the purely mechanical skills which might be considered desirable in a good teacher or lecturer. First, the adoption of a fitting speed and clarity of diction. Secondly, the clear formulation and appropriate stressing of the main points of the subject under review. The lecturer must know which points are important or difficult enough to require particular stressing, either in the form of repetition or slower and more deliberate speaking, or even by the dictation of vitally relevant matter.

The extent to which the blackboard is used will obvi�ously vary with the nature of the lecture; a statistical, techni�cal or linguistic theme will call for more blackboard writ�ing than, say, a literature or a philosophy lecture. Titles of works, proper names unusual or foreign, terms, dates � all these should be written up to ensure that students get the correct form. The writing must be clear and legible, and not scattered about in disorder on the board.

Of no less importance is the proper 'staging' of mate�rial. There is an element of the histrionic in all personal teaching; the teacher is to some extent an actor, who must make his material come to life. There are some generally recognized devices into the application of which a young instructor could with advantage be initiated. A slight break before passing on to a new theme in a lecture can be most refreshing for all concerned. An occasional pause to receive questions from students will in certain cases add to the effectiveness of the lecture, it 'draws the stu�dents in' more and gives the lecturer a chance to gauge their grasp of what he is saying. Learning the students' names is an essential requirement in establishing such closer contact with them. The prompt return of written work not only helps to keep up students' interest in their subject, but also gives the right to demand written work from the students within the time-limit specified.

(S. Radcliffe, lecturer in German at the University of Bristol. 'Na�ture', March 10, 1956.)

Exercise I. Supply prepositions or adverbs if necessary.

As we had an increase � the staff last year several
new teachers were taken � � the staff. Now according �
the staffing ratio there will be 12 teachers � the staff.
The teacher � charge � our course was appointed �
the post � assistant-professor several years ago. She is a
lecturer � lexicology. Her vivid presentation � the subject
and clarity � diction make the vital points � her lecture
clear � everybody. Besides holding �� a course �� lexico�
logy, she holds seminars � it. She is very experienced �
the educational field.
Prof., P., the holder � the chair � Education was
appointed � it � the retirement of Prof. F. who occupied the
chair � 8 years and was relieved � it when he retired.
Did you attend � Prof. N.'s lecture yesterday? Yes,
I did. What was the subject � review? Prof. N. delivered a
lecture � the matter � instruction.

Exercise II. Translate the following expressions into English, giv�ing all possible variants. Use one of the variants in a sentence.

1. �� . 2. �� . 3. �� . 4. �� . 5. �� . 6. �� . 7. �� . 8. �� . 9. ��-��. 10. �� . 11. �� . 12. �� . 13. �� . 14. �� . 15. �� . 16. �� . 17. �� . 18. �� . 19. ��-' �� . 20. �� .

Exercise III. Compose the second part of the following dia�logues:

Dialogue 1.

A. Will there be any changes in your staffing ratio this
year?

B....

A. Will all the teachers you are recruiting be full-time
teachers?

B....

A. So they assume duties on September 1. Who was
appointed to the chair of phonetics on the retirement of assist�
ant-professor M.?

B....

A. Yes, he certainly is a master of methods and very
experienced in the educational field. Was he only on your
staff?

B....

Dialogue 2.

L. Why has a new syllabus been drawn up?

S....

L. So the amount of lectures has been cut down; and what subjects do you study in seminars?

S...,

L. You say it is a specialist course. How long does it run and who holds the course?

S..�

L. He was a visiting professor last year, wasn't he?

S....

L. You don't say so! So professor M. has retired. What a pity!

S....

L. And who is in charge of the course now?

S....

Topics for oral and written discussion and dialogues:

The syllabus of the English faculty.
What are the necessary requirements of a good lectur�
er?

IV. THE COLLEGE BUILDING Vocabulary (A)

to accomodate

administration rooms changing room cinema-projection room committee room

common room

to be crammed to capacity

dean's (vice-dean's) office

debating hall

dormitory accomodation

double room

extension of student num�bers

gymnasium

hall of residence (residen�tial building)

notice board

refectory

to seat

staff common room

study-bedroom

teaching space

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Text 6

The College building contains the following rooms: the Assembly Hall capable of seating over 1,000 people, mod�ern Biology, Chemistry, Geography and Physics labora�tories both for teaching and research purposes, a gymna�sium with changing rooms and shower baths, a room for modern educational dance, two large Halls, one of them has a well equipped stage for drama performances, the other � a cinema-projection room, a refectory (to seat 300), lecture rooms and>

The object of the College is not only to train scientists and technologists but also to form a base for education in its broadest sense. This can best be fulfilled by the stu�dents mixing among themselves and the academic staff in debate, in common rooms and refectories.

Any extension of student numbers is at present impos�sible, for daily the building is crammed to capacity. Num�bers of rooms still need modernization and as ever the need is for more and more teaching space.

Two adjoining buildings are reserved for residential purposes and have been acquired by the College primarily to provide much-needed Halls of Residence for its students. The existing Halls cannot accomodate more than a very small fraction of the growing number of students and the College hopes to provide 480 new study-bedrooms. The new hostels will have accomodation for permanent residents in single and double rooms as well as temporary dormitory accomodation.

Vocabulary (B)

to borrow books

caution money

deposit

for the use of>

free service

Head Librarian

inter-library loan

��

library book losses

local public library

periodicals

query

reading-list of recommended

works

reference section request slip times of opening well-stocked

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Text 7 The College Library

The technical colleges in England only too often pos�sess inadequate libraries and reading-rooms, comparing unfavourably with a local public library. On the contrary, Teachers' Training Colleges have for the greater part well-stocked libraries and reading-halls which is of no small importance since a large proportion of students are without the privacy for study in their homes and lodgings.

The College Library offers a free service to all the teachers and students. Times of opening are: Monday to Friday mornings 9.30 a.m. � 7.30 p.m., Tuesday and Thursday nights till 10 p.m. Readers may borrow four books, but not more than two novels at a time. Books on the subjects to be studied can also be provided by means of inter-library loans both for the use of>

If a book is required which is not on the shelves a request slip will be found on the Library table. In the Re�ference Section information will be obtained on various subjects. Readers are invited to write on slips queries to which they have been unable to find the answer and place them in the box provided. The required information will then be obtained for them. Periodicals are provided for reading in reading-halls and common rooms. Borrowings are mainly for one evening use, but short period borrowing is possible.

A deposit of 5 is payable by anyone who wishes to become a reader of the library. This 'caution money' is

refunded at the end of the course after deducting from it payments for library book losses and the like.

Exercise I. Fill in the blanks with a word or expression from the text.

The � of the Club of the Leningrad Hertzen Institute
seats 500 students, but on evenings of the English club it
is �, you cannot drop a pin there. Its � for drama perform�
ances is rather small, but there is surely plenty of space to
dance in the �. In the back there is a � ; foreign
films which have not been dubbed are shown here for edu�
cational aims.
The departments of the Institute have � libraries
which � to all the students, � being adapted to the needs
of the students: the libraries are open from 2 to 11 p.m.
Books that are not available at these libraries may be � by
means of �, one has only to fill in a � and hand it in to
the �.

Exercise II. Give definitions of the following (see model, exer�cise IV, p. 15):

debating hall, inter-library loan, staff common room, residen�tial building, request slip, assembly hall, caution money, refec�tory, non-fiction works, to be crammed to capacity.

Exercise III. Translate into English.

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V. ADMISSION OF STUDENTS Vocabulary

academic qualification

admission

to admit (to enroll)

age of entry (of admission)

applicant

applicants for university

places

application for admission (admission form) candidates for admission

entrance requirements

entrant (person on entry to

a college) examination scheme to gain entrance to interview candidates

to launch an examination

scheme to pass in a subject

to raise entrance standards

to require the withdrawal of a student

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to select for admission to select students on inter�view session

standards of admission to submit an application to take a subject at ordi�nary level to take a subject at advanced

level

a three-year course for a degree

to transfer a student to a course

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Text 8 Entry to a University

Admission to the universities is by examination and selection. Women are admitted on equal terms with men, but at Cambridge their numbers are limited by statute, as they were at Oxford until 1957.

All universities in Britain limit the number of under�graduates which they will accept; and, in spite of the in�crease in these limits which has taken place since the end of the second world war, the demand for places continues to be very keen and many candidates are unable to gain entrance to the university of their first choice.

The Department receives applications for admission to its course of training up to 12 months before the opening of a session in October. Candidates should submit their applications in the normal way to the Secretary.

Candidates for admission to the four-year course must satisfy the minimum Entrance Requirements of the Univer�sity of London. The minimum age for admission to the four-year course is normally 18 years by October 1 in the year of admission.

In the coming years there are expected to be more applicants for university places. As the result of it, Oxford and Cambridge, where it is unlikely that the expansion can

be large, whatever may be desirable, are almost bound to raise entrance standards.

It is customary for departments to interview all likely candidates and to aim at completing their selection by March. Science and mathematics lecturers are usually given opportunities to see entrants at the earliest possible occa�sion either immediately after the students enter College or on the occasion of the interview when students are selected for admission.

An examination scheme is launched by the College a month before the beginning of the examinations. The nor�mal academic qualification for admission to the College is a pass in 5 subjects taken at Ordinary level, or a combi�nation of passes at Ordinary and Advanced levels. The entrants are enrolled in about three dozen>

Students entering on a three-year course for a degree may be transferred to the two-year course, if they are unable to satisfy their lecturers of their fitness to continue the degree course. The College authorities also reserve the right to require the withdrawal of any student at any time during the period of training if, in their opinion, the pro�gress, conduct or physical condition of the student makes such a course desirable.

Exercise I. Supply prepositions or adverbs if necessary and answer the following questions:

When do our intra-mural institutes receive applications
� admission � their course � training?
Whom should candidates submit their applications � ?
What is the minimum age � admission � our institute?
How many applicants � one place were there at our
Institute last year?
When is it customary � departments to complete their
selection of entrants � admission?
� how many groups were our entrants enrolled?
What is the benefit of selecting students � interview?
Where can one learn about the conditions � entry and
standards � admission � our institute?
When can students entering � a three-year course be
transferred � the two-year course?

10. Why do College Authorities sometimes require � the
withdrawal � students?

Exercise II. Fill in the blanks with a word or expression from the new vocabulary.

My sister finished school two years ago. As, according to the new � standards, there are relaxations for � with a two year record of work, she went to work as a pioneer leader at the school she had just finished. This spring she � an application for admission to the secretary of our entrance commission. There she learned that there were five � for each institute place, but she had studied hard during these two years and was well prepared for these examinations. She � all subjects and when the � of candidates for admission was completed she found her name in the list of � on the notice-board of the entrance commission.

Exercise III. Give nouns, verbs and adjectives corresponding to the following:

entry, admit, submit, application, interview, residence, acco-modate, staff, education, tutor, occupy, retire, curriculum.

Exericise IV. Translate into English.

�� : �� . � �� , �� . �� , �� . �� , �� , � �� . �� : �� , �� , �� , �� ". �� -�� ?" �� , �� . �� , �� , �� , �� ".

Topic for oral and written discussion and dialogues:

The conditions of entry and standards of admission to our institutes as compared to those in Great Britain.

VI. THE STUDENT BODY Vocabulary (A)

award, grant to award grants

awarding board

the composition on the men's

side

dependant entrance examination

estimate of proficiency ex-serviceman

external student full-time student

General Certificate of Edu�cation

part-time student

private student recognized student

state scholarship student body student numbers terminal examination undergraduate

��, ��, �� (��)

�� (��)

��

�� (��) ��

��

��, ��

��-��

��, ��

�� , �� 16 ��, ��

��, ��

��-��

��, ��

��

��, �� (�� )

Text 9

The University of Bristol has a student body of seve�ral thousand students but for the greater part they are part-time students and very few workmen's children can be found among them, for the cost of study is much too high.

It is estimated that by 1963�1964 student numbers in England will be raised by 50 per cent due to the increase in the number of births in the postwar years. This will ne�cessitate expansion of universities and colleges and recruit�ment of additional teachers.

Last year there was already an appreciable increase in student numbers in the Engineering and Building departments, particularly in the composition on the men's side. After the war these departments had the great advantage of a strong body of mature and purposeful ex-servicemen. From the outset they took the lead among the students, especially among undergraduates of the 1st and 2nd years. They tended to take their studies more seriously and showed their administrative talents in strengthening the authority of the various student organizations.

Some English students are 'recognized' by the Ministry of Education, i.e. they comply with the Ministry's Regu�lations, and grants are payable on their account in accord�ance with those regulations. 'Private' students, that is, students not recognized by the Ministry and on whose account no grants or awards are payable are also admitted to different courses, but they are in the minority, for few have sufficient means.

The Ministry's grants and awards are subject to consi�deration of parents' or guardians' means and the number of dependants the family has to support. The awarding boards take account also of the estimates of proficiency formed at interviews of candidates who have done well in the entrance and terminal examinations.

To encourage boys and girls to enter advanced courses at technical colleges straight from school it is proposed to. ask the Ministry for more state scholarships awarded on the results of the General Certificate of Education exami�nations..

Vocabulary (�)

academic work

to be accomodated day student

inspected and approved lodg�ings

old student registered lodgings

resident student warden of the hostel

�� ; ��

��

��, �� , ��

�� , �� , � ��

��

�� , ��

��, ��

��

Text 10 Students' Residential Accomodations

Men and women students who cannot live at home or be accomodated in a Hall of Residence are required to live in lodgings approved and inspected by the College. Only a small part of English colleges are co-educational. In mixed colleges men and women live in different hostels, but they mix without distinction in their academic work, in sport, and socially. Hostel features largely in one's memories of college life, in the ordinary communal life of the house with friendships which have stood the test of the intervening years, the impromptu concerts, the singing in the women's hostels, the hostel dances. Student life at the hostels is greatly influenced by the personality of the Wardens, who as a rule are their students' stern but just friends.

All resident students are required to take the mid-day meal provided in College from Monday to Friday as part of the boarding arrangements. Day students are strongly recommended to have their mid-day meal in College. The

Refectories and Canteens are intended for the Use of both students and teachers.

An old student of Goldsmiths' College gives a short account of his life there: 'For the first three years after the College opened we had no hostels and many students had to live in lodgings. I remember tramping up and down roads near New Cross making enquiries about rooms. In retro�spect it seems to me that I spent much of the first year in dealing with landladies for there was no tradition in Gold�smiths', as in Oxford or Cambridge, of registered lodgings for students.'

Exercise I. Complete the following sentences.

A person who studies at a higher educational institution
is called �.
One who has graduated from a university is called �.
A student of the last year of studies is called �.
A student of the inter-mural (extra-mural) department is
called �.
A student who lives (does not live) in the hostel is
called �.
Scholarship awarded to students who have excellent
marks in all subjects is called �.
A room in the hostel for two students is called ��.
A college where boys and girls study (do not study)
together is called �.
A college with (without) a hostel for students and
teachers is called�.

Exercise II. Rewrite each of the following sentences using a word or expression from the text instead of those in bold type.

He was very earnest in his studies and showed great
capacities for scientific research.
The football team of St. John's College gained first
place in the autumn games.
From the very beginning it was clear that those appli�
cants would be selected for admission.
The girls were living in a nicely furnished room with
a balcony commanding a breathtaking view of the snow-capped
mountains.
It was difficult for her to retell the story in short
because she found all the details so thrilling.

Exercise III. Find all the expressions pertaining to:

1. conditions of entry to an institute; 2. a students' hos�tel; 3. borrowing books from a library; 4. the staffing radio; 5. the dean's office; 6. the awarding board.

Make up short stories using these expressions.

Exercise IV. Fill in the blanks with definite or indefinite articles where necessary.

deputy director told me that there were some foreign�
ers among � students at the Institute from Albania, Bulga�
ria,� Korean People's Democratic Republic etc. � foreign stu�
dents attend only regular day courses and study � same lan�
guages as � other students after having previously mastered
Russian, which is taught in � special groups.
passing glance at � time-table is enough to convince one
that the institute does not train � narrow specialists in � prac�
tical language, but gives each student � all-round education
as well.

Exercise V. Translate into English.

�� -��?
��, � �� . � �� , ��
�� ? ��
�� , ��
��.
�� -- �� ?
��, �� . � �� ? � ��
�� , � ��
��.
�� ? ��
�� . �� ? ��, ��
��
��.
�� ? ��
�� . �� ? ��, �� -
��, �� .
��
��? �� . ��
��? �� , �� , �
�� .

�� ? �� . ��
�� ? ��, � �� ,
�� .
�� , ��
��? �� , �� , �� .
� �� ? ��
� �� .

VII. STUDENTS' STUDY WORK Vocabulary

ability

advanced academic subject

to be allotted (attached) to a form

Board of Education criticism lesson

to cut lectures (classes)

demonstration school headmaster inaugural lecture

independent enquiry mixed>

the opening of a new ses�sion

regulation lesson

supervisor on school prac�tice

to take English (written work)

teaching (educational) film teaching scheme visual aid

��

�� (��) ��, ��

�� (�� )

��

�� (�� )

��

��, � ��

��

�� ; �� (�� )

��

Text 11

The new session at the Teachers' Training College began as usual with an inaugural lecture by the new Head of the Department, Professor N. It could be seen from the start that the first postwar curriculum for two-year courses was indeed very different from that of previous years. Almost the whole of the first year was devoted to non-professional subjects. Only with the second year did the actual training work begin. All students took English, French, or Mathe�matics, History, Geography, Science in some form, Hand�work or Needlework, Drawing and Physical Education, accord�ing to their bent.

They had lectures almost without pause from 9.45 a.m. to 5 p.m. Every student by order of the Board of Educa�tion had to learn 200 lines of poetry by heart. This left the students even of outstanding ability practically no spare time for private study or individual reading.

Wednesday afternoon was free for all; though later, owing to rivalry between the men and women for the playing field, the men took Wednesday and the women Thursday afternoon.

As more and more of the students came from Secondary Schools the number of courses of 'Ordinary' standard was reduced, and the newly designed 'Advanced' courses took their place. Advanced courses necessarily entailed mixed >

Teaching schemes were experimental and included social studies, practical teaching and an advanced academic subject with a special study based on a piece of independent enquiry which a student worked out in the British Museum.

One of the most respected in those days for his great learning was Dr. Rees, whose lectures no 3rd year under�graduate would ever dream of cutting. He organized the showing of educational or teaching films which were select�ed to introduce students to the film as a creative medium of expression.

At the Demonstration schools which all the final-year students visited they learnt the use of different visual aids and took active part in discussing criticism lessons under the guidance of a supervisor on school practice.

Text 12

At Goldsmiths' College my first 'School Practice' was a three-week period at Stanley Street School. For the first week I was attached to Standard IV with a pleasant and very capable teacher. This was before the days of specialization and >

For the second and third weeks, however, I was allotted to Standard VI. This I knew was to be no picnic, for the>

A number of these lads came to school barefoot, and most of them did some casual labour. One, for instance, did the usual three milk rounds � 'breakfast', 'pudding' and 'tea' � and washed all his milk cans in the evening. He really came to school to rest and when I learned the full facts I allowed him to have a sleep period. My College tutor supervisor, knowing the conditions, kindly refrained from expecting 'criticism lessons'.

My second period of School Practice was much the same. I had a pleasant first week at Stillness Road School and then a fortnight with a teacher whose one main idea was to leave the>

However, I obtained a good teaching certificate and start-, ed a fifty-year teaching career at the princely sum of 75 per annum, and I am still going strong.

(H, Abbot, Goldsmiths' College)

Exercise I. Insert an appropriate word from the new vocabulary.

He returned as professor to the University which he had
first attended as an �.
For two decades he taught in its laboratories and lecture
rooms, for almost a decade he was warden of its largest�.
A grant is paid to a � student, i. e. one who lives in
a College hostel or in lodgings � by the College.
Over 150 students � for the new course in the Study
of Education and attended it regularly.
Although the short-term � colleges are still very new
they are already becoming well established.
It is estimated that by 1963�64 student �will be �
by 50 per cenl.
The University of London alone among British univer�
sities awards � to � students.
The report stresses the importance of hostel � at colleges
with full-time students.
In this college over 170 students reside in student �
and 240 feed in student�.

10. Besides the Ordinary course there is also � profession�
al course in Physical �.

Exercise II. Fill in prepositions or adverbs where necessary.

Students admitted � a degree course are normally expect�
ed to remain � College for four years.
Dr. N. began to admit students to his laboratory for'
practical instructions � chemistry.
All first-year students will attend sessions � phonetics
and pronunciation in separate tutorial groups.
His interests were wide and while � the University he
took courses � mathematics, physics and medicine.
Prof. M. was appointed � Principal oi Dudley Training
College and lecturer � Education.
After a period of three years Mr. W. returned to aca�
demic life when he was appointed � the chair of Applied
Chemistry.
During 1951�1957 Mr. P. was �the staff of the Uni�
versity of Edinburgh.

In 1952 he was appointed � a lectureship and in 1954 �
a senior lectureship in the Teachers' Training College.
He lectured � invitation in Scotland in 1955.

10. The students have the best recollections of the time
spent � teaching practice at the Demonstration school for Junior
children.

Exercise III. Translate into English giving all possible variants. Use one of the variants in a sentence.

1. �� . 2. �� . 3. �� . 4. �� . 5. �� . 6. �� . 7. �� . 8. �� . 9. �� . 10. �� . 11. �� . 12. �� . 13. �� . 14. �� . 15. �� .

Exercise IV. Make a list of expressions with the following words and use them in sentences:

graduate, degree, examinations, thesis.

Exercise V. Translate into English.

�� , �� , �� , �� . �� , �� .

�� , �� .

�� , � �� , � �� . �� , �� , � ��. ��, �� , �� . �� , �� . ��- � �� ".

VIII. STUDENTS' SOCIAL ACTIVITIES Vocabulary

athletic activities character training comments on the day to day

happenings

to conduct a walk (outing) Dramatic Society extra-curricular activities Film Society

inter-departmental

Old Students' Association

outing

poetry recital

recorded concert

reunion

social activities

Sports Society

students' bulletin

students' societies

��

�� (��) ��

��

�� (�� , ��)

��

Text 13

The social life of universities in Britain is characterized by the existence of a large number of students' societies and clubs, which are organized by the undergraduates them�selves. Some of these societies have an athletic purpose; others are concerned with topics of professional or cultural interest such as politics, drama, music, modern languages, literature or science.

In many universities, there is an all-embracing students' Council or Union which has the oversight of all these extra�curricular activities. Universities in which such unions exist recognize their position and frequently provide them with premises for their activities.

The Educational Department of the London University lives a well-developed cultural corporate life based on con-

tacts among students in the refectory, common rooms, con�cert hall, theatre and, in particular, on the activities of the Students' Association and its associated clubs and societies.

With the large access of numbers after the war the range of student activities was naturally enlarged. Open-air produc�tions were added on the playing fields in the summer term which always drew a large number of spectators. The stand�ard of dramatic work by students reached an exception�ally high level and the College Dramatic Society present�ed plays not only within the college walls but to outside audiences as well. Socially, too, despite the lack of numbers of men at hostel dances (which will always be an unsolved problem until numbers become more equal) the College life was very full. Some of the College dances became inter�departmental, sponsored by each department in turn. Men�tion should be made of the Grand Fancy Dress Ball given at the end of the year.

Sharing of extra-curricular activities was evident also among part-time students, notably in the Film Society which in the first post-war years had an average Saturday eve�ning attendance of more than 200 drawn to some extent from all three departments. On some evenings poetry reci�tals and recorded concerts of symphony music were also organized.

Outings, whether on foot or cycle or in a small boat are considered to be of tremendous value to the character training of young people, so the Students' Association ar�ranged several summer walks to the suburbs; some of these walks attracted so many students that they were embarras�sing to conduct.

In May 1954, the first number of 'Sennet', the Univer�sity of London weekly student newspaper, appeared and since that time 67 issues have been published. The student newspaper is of vital importance in the University with its large number of colleges dispersed over a wide area. It is published every Tuesday during term, costs three pence, and contains full news of University activities, sports reports, comments on the day to day happenings, and its very aptness and freshness of viewpoint endeared it to most who read it � which certainly includes the staff.

Membership of the Old Students' Association is open to all students who have completed their courses in the colle�ges sponsored by the University of London.

The objects of the Old Students' Association are to main�tain the College corporate spirit amongst Old Students and to provide a continuing link with College affairs.

In the decade preceding the war the Old Students' Association had been gathering strength. On more than one occasion Tea for Old Friends had been provided in the Great Hall at autumn reunions. It was well supported and had become an annual feature of College life. Now the Old Students' Reunions take place regularly in November. This great gathering-in party of the year is Open Day at College with its games, dramatic shows and dancing. Old Students who attend these reunions speak � all of them � with affec�tion and with pride of their lecturers and of the tech�niques and traditions they had carried with them into the outside world of schools.

Exercise /. Complete the following sentences.

The range of student activities includes�.
Outings may be on�.
The students' bulletin contains�.
Open Day is the great gathering-in party of the year
with its �.
Our sports society has various Sections such as �.
The gathering-in of Old Students is called �.
Plays staged in summer out of doors on a green lawn
are called�.
At New Year � the students of our group were dressed
in the costumes of the Snow Maiden and the seven gnomes.
Membership of the Old Students' Association is open
to�.

Exercise II. Give definitions of the following (see model, exer�cise IV, p. 15):

outing, extra-curricular activities, ex-service man, sports society, play-readings, awarding board, day student, student scientific society, inter-faculty students' bulletin, warden of the hostel, iinal-year student.

Exercise III. Translate into English.

�� . ��

�� . �� . �� , �� , �� , �� , ��. �� , �� . �� .

� �� , �� .

�� . �� , �� -��.

�� , �� . �� , � �� .

�� , �� . �� .

� �� . �� , ��, ��, �� , �� , �� .

� �� , �� , �� , ��, ��, �� .

Topic for oral and written discussion and dialogues:

The Old Students' reunion.

IX. EXAMINATIONS Vocabulary

to assess

assessment

to assign (give) marks

��

�� (��); ��

��

to comprise the following

tests

to conduct examinations Degree examinations

at the discretion

to enter for an examination

examining board

to fail in an examination

to fail in a subject failure

final examinations first-year failure to give a written reproduc�tion of a story to graduate with Honours

to hold a conversation to hold examinations to pass in a subject to pass satisfactorily to pass with Credit to pass with Merit (Dis�tinction) pass list proficiency re-examination sessional work

to sit (for) an examination }

to take an examination j

to test the proficiency

to write from dictation

��

�� , � ��

��

�� , ��

��

�� 1-� ��

��

�� (� �� )

* ��

��

Text U

The academic year in Britain's universities is divided into three terms, which usually run from about the begin-

ning of October to the middle of December, from the middle of January to the end of March and from the middle of April to the end of June or the beginning of July.

In a Teachers' Training College terminal examinations are held at the end of each term, namely at the end of the Autumn, Spring and Summer Terms. Final examinations are taken at the end of a course of studies.

The proficiency of students is tested and assessed by the Examining Board, comprised of several members of the teaching staff and a representative of the College Admini�strative Staff. Every college has its own Examining Board approved by the Ministry of Education. Marks may be as�signed under regulations approved by the Ministry of Edu�cation for sessional work and account is taken of these marks in assessing the final results.

In the Department of Education the terminal examination at the end of the Autumn term comprises the following tests: candidates are required a) to write from dictation, b) to read to the examiner (1) a passage or passages of English which they are allowed to look through before reading, (2) an unprepared passage or passages, c) to hold a conversation in English with the examiner: the conversation may be partly based on the passages read. Other tests, e. g. the written reproduction of a story read aloud by the exa�miner, or a literary text written from dictation may be added at the discretion of the Examining Board.

Candidates are free to prepare for the examinations by attending >

In order to pass the Certificate Examination at the Teachers' Training College a student must normally:

reach a satisfactory standard in the examination and
in the course as a whole;
pass in Theory of Education and in Practical Teaching;
reach an approved standard in his main subject;
satisfy the examiner of his ability to express himself
in English.

Students who have sat the Final examination will be divided into three>

which subjects the student has passed, or passed with Credit, or passed with Merit or Distinction.

The final resujts at the University were quite pleasing, 13 students graduated in Arts and 11 in the External B. Sc. five oi them with Honours. The number of failures at the final examinations is appreciable but not high. Candidates are not normally permitted to present themselves for re-examination on more than two occasions or after a lapse of more than two years from the conclusion of their course of training.

Exercise I. Translate ihe following into English, giving all pos�sible variants. Give examples using one of the variants.

1. �� . 2. �� . 3. �� . 4. �� . 5. �� . 6. �� . 7. �� . 8. �� . 9. �� . 10. �� . 11. �� . 12. �� . 13. �� . 14. �� . 15. �� (��). 16. �� . 17. �� . 18. �� .

Exercise II. Find antonyms to the following expressions:

Pages: |

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<< �� | ��

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�. �. ��, �. �. ��

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